Borehole Acoustic Reflection Survey for high resolution imaging

Haldorsen, J.; Voskamp, Arne; Thorsen, Rune; Vissapragada, Badarinadh; Williams, Stephen; Fejerskov, Morten

doi:10.1190/1.2370182

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Azimuthal sensitivity in monopole imaging can be achieved by having 8 azimuthal receivers. (Haldorsen 2006) . Fig 3 traces a reflected signal arrival at the receivers in the borehole.…”

Section: Downhole Seismic Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Hornby 1989 and others (Yamamoto 1999, 2000, Haldorsen 2006 have shown that the direct waves can be filtered out and the reflected waves enhanced to provide a near wellbore reflection image that can detect bed boundaries and fractures in the immediate vicinity of the borehole. The amplitude of the reflected signal not only depends on the attenuation of energy along its travel path and at the reflector but also on the transfer of energy at the various interfaces.…”

Section: Signal Attenuation During Bars Surveymentioning

confidence: 97%

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Dipole Shear Imaging behind casing: Extending the borehole Acoustic Imaging envelope to Brown-fields

et al. 2014

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The potential for imaging bed boundaries and fractures using the borehole acoustic reflection survey (BARS) technique is well documented. Traditionally, this type of imaging has been conducted with a monopole source and imaging the reflected P and the mode-converted transmission waves (Pto S and S to P). Recently the BARS methodology has been applied to shear data from a dipole source. Much of the published work is in an open-hole environment. In our case study a BARS image was acquired in a layered carbonate reservoir in a horizontal well behind casing. The objective was to acquire a base image prior to a planned hydraulic fracturing job for comparison with the post-fracturing image. Both, monopole and dipole data were used to do the imaging. Data acquired shows that the BARS technique overcame uncertainties associated with; arrival of the casing modes, cement conditions, attenuation of the reflected signal at the casing/cement/formation interfaces and provided reliable results behind casing up to a distance of 100 ft away from the well. IntroductionBARS (Borehole Acoustic Reflection Survey) or SWI (Single Well Imaging) for detecting near borehole events at sub seismic scale was first demonstrated by Hornby in 1989. The methodology adopted involves imaging P waves from a monopole source. Later Yamamoto (1999) and other demonstrated that borehole crossing features could be imaged using S to P conversion downdip and P to S conversions updip of the event. More recently Tang and others (2009) demonstrated this methodology using dipole acoustic data. Published data does not show much experience of acoustic imaging in a cased well through a porous reservoir. A porous reservoir presents a highly attenuating environment making imaging "near borehole features", especially in a cased well very challenging. Acoustic imaging can be significantly beneficial if it can be successfully done in these environments.

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“…Azimuthal sensitivity in monopole imaging can be achieved by having 8 azimuthal receivers. (Haldorsen 2006) . Fig 3 traces a reflected signal arrival at the receivers in the borehole.…”

Section: Downhole Seismic Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Signal Attenuation During Bars Surveymentioning

confidence: 97%

Dipole Shear Imaging behind casing: Extending the borehole Acoustic Imaging envelope to Brown-fields

et al. 2014

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“…Because the monopole tool is unable to determine the azimuth of a reflector, directional acoustic sensing techniques need to be developed. Haldorsen et al (2006) showed the P-wave imaging result using multiazimuth sensors. Tang (2004) utilized the directional sensitivity of the P waves from a dipole acoustic tool to determine the reflector azimuth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear‐wave imaging using cross‐dipole acoustic logging tool

Tang

Patterson

2009

SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2009

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The shear waves from a four-component cross-dipole acoustic tool were analyzed to provide an important method for the single-well acoustic imaging application. We analyzed the effects of wave radiation, reflection, and borehole acoustic response on the shear-wave reflection measurements. In particular, we studied shear-wave radiation from a dipole source and the wave's reflection from a formation reflector, showing that the shear waves generated by a dipole source in borehole have a wide radiation pattern. This allows for imaging reflectors at various dip angles crossing the borehole. More importantly, the azimuthal variation of the shear waves, in connection with the multi-component nature of a cross-dipole tool, can be used to determine the strike azimuth of the reflector. The analysis results establish a theoretical foundation for the borehole shear-wave imaging application. The theoretical results are utilized to formulate an inversion procedure for field data processing. The field data application not only validates the theoretical results but also demonstrates advantages of shear-wave imaging.

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“…Monopole sources with single receivers cannot detect reflector azimuths, which is why Schlumberger used multi-receivers for their survey (Yamamoto et al 2000;Al Rougha et al 2005;Maia et al 2006;Haldorsen et al 2006bHaldorsen et al , 2010Jervis et al 2012). The acoustic reflection well logging tool (Zhao et al 2004;Chai et al 2009) developed by Bohai Drilling of the Dagang Oilfield Well Logging Branch employs a linear phased-array transmitter that is also a symmetrical acoustic source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of the azimuthal performance of 3D acoustic transmitter stations

Che

Qiao

et al. 2016

Pet. Sci.

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Better well logging techniques for geologic investigations are urgently needed to identify and evaluate complex reservoirs. We describe a new type of 3D transmitter station with corresponding circuits and bodies. They can be used in a promising new technique of acoustic reflection well logging, that features better azimuthal detection capabilities, as well as better investigation depth. The transmitter stations consist of three-level subarrays that can radiate acoustic energy in any required azimuth of 3D space by circularly exciting various combinations at different levels. We tested the 3D acoustic transmitter stations and obtained laboratory directivity measurements with the 3D acoustic transmitter stations for the first time. The results show that the 3-dB beam width in the horizontal plane ranges from 59°to 67°as a result of phase-delayed excitation. The main beam is steered in the vertical plane at a deflection angle that ranges from 0°to 16°when the delay time of the excitation pulse between each pair of adjacent arc arrays is gradually adjusted. The 3-dB beam width is equal to 11°, whereas the deflection angle in the vertical plane is equal to 14°. Each of the four third-level subarrays in the same circumferential direction display consistent horizontal and vertical directivities, thus satisfying the requirements of azimuthal acoustic reflection logging.

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Borehole Acoustic Reflection Survey for high resolution imaging

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

Dipole Shear Imaging behind casing: Extending the borehole Acoustic Imaging envelope to Brown-fields

Dipole Shear Imaging behind casing: Extending the borehole Acoustic Imaging envelope to Brown-fields

Shear‐wave imaging using cross‐dipole acoustic logging tool

Experimental study of the azimuthal performance of 3D acoustic transmitter stations

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