Boredom and Cognitive Engagement: A Functional Theory of Boredom

Elpidorou, Andreas

doi:10.1007/s13164-021-00599-6

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…Interestingly, boredom induces a seeking state, prompting people to pursue novel experiences, challenges, or stimulation as a coping strategy (Bench & Lench, 2019; Elpidorou, 2023). Previous research has revealed that boredom may lead to impulse buying and increased spending.…”

Section: Literature and Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

State boredom increases consumers' gift‐giving intentions in entertainment live‐streaming: A moderated dual‐mediation model

Zhang,

Zhan,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Psychology and Marketing

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Gift‐giving during live‐streaming has emerged as an important revenue‐generating mechanism for streamers. However, the mechanisms and factors influencing consumers' gift‐giving intentions remain unclear. Considering the novel aspect of the highly visible social context in entertainment live‐streaming, this research proposed a moderated dual‐mediation model of gift‐giving. Three experimental studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between state boredom and consumers' gift‐giving intentions. Study 1 discovered that state boredom increased consumers' gift‐giving intentions. Study 2 revealed that social identity and pleasure consumers obtained in the live‐streaming mediated this correlation simultaneously, and eliminated alternative possible mechanisms. Study 3 identified the moderated mediation effect of perceived co‐viewer involvement. Specifically, high levels of perceived co‐viewer involvement positively enhanced the effects of state boredom on consumers' gift‐giving intentions, mediated by a dual‐mechanism of social identity and pleasure. This research highlights the positive role of state boredom on gift‐giving during live‐streaming, contributing to the understanding of digital gift‐giving behaviors by investigating consumer's emotion effect and specific mechanisms from social interactions in a new scenario.

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Section: Literature and Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

State boredom increases consumers' gift‐giving intentions in entertainment live‐streaming: A moderated dual‐mediation model

Zhang,

Zhan,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Psychology and Marketing

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“…But why would employees who experience boredom engage in counterproductive work behaviors, considering that the latter are generally perceived as negative employee behaviors? According to functional models of emotion, boredom is a call for action in the sense that it signals to the individual that the current situation they are involved in is no longer fulfilling, and thus it is time for them to pursue new goals and experiences (Bench & Lench, 2013;Elpidorou, 2022). Interestingly, the only criterion for the pursuit of these new goals and experiences is that they elicit an emotional response, regardless of whether the response or the experiences themselves are considered positive or negative.…”

Section: Job Boredom and Counterproductive Work Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping with daily boredom: Exploring the relationships of job boredom, counterproductive work behavior, organizational citizenship behavior, and cognitive reappraisal

2023

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Given that job boredom is experienced by more than half of the workforce on a daily basis, more scientific research on its potential outcomes and moderators is warranted. This study examined whether daily fluctuations in job boredom are associated with daily increases or decreases in counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior, and whether individual differences in cognitive reappraisal moderated these relationships. Our hypotheses were tested in a daily diary study (396 daily observations); results indicated that the predicted positive relationships of job boredom with both active and passive counterproductive work behavior were supported, whereas the direction of the relationship between job boredom and organizational citizenship behavior was person-specific. Contrary to our expectations, cognitive reappraisal did not moderate any of the above relationships. Our results clearly show that scores on these constructs vary more within than between individuals and suggest that combining the within- and between-person levels, both in theorizing and analyses, is necessary to understand these phenomena better.

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“…A lack of access to meaningful activity may further deepen health inequities as the boredom that results can be prolonged and pervasive in the lives of persons living in poverty, and this pattern of boredom has been associated with a range of threats to psychosocial wellbeing in previous research (Biolcati et al, 2018;Elpidorou (2022); Marshall, McIntosh, et al, 2019;Marshall, Roy, et al, 2019;Weissinger, 1995).…”

Section: Covid-19 Health Inequities and Occupational Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Meaningful Activity, Psychosocial Wellbeing, and Poverty During COVID-19: A Longitudinal Study

Marshall¹,

Gewurtz²,

Holmes³

et al. 2023

Can J Occup Ther

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Background: Only a few studies have explored experiences of meaningful activity and associations with psychosocial wellbeing during COVID-19. None reflect a Canadian context or focus on persons living in poverty. Purpose: To identify experiences and associations between meaningful activity and psychosocial wellbeing for persons living in poverty during the first year of COVID-19. Method: We delivered a quantitative survey at three time points during the first year of the pandemic supplemented by qualitative interviews at Time(T) 1 and 1 year later at T3. Findings: One hundred and eight participants completed T1 surveys, and 27 participated in qualitative interviews. Several statistically significant correlations between indices of meaningful activity engagement and psychosocial wellbeing were identified across T1–T3. Meaningful activity decreased from T1–T3 [X2 (2, n = 49) = 9.110, p < .05], with a significant decline from T2–T3 (z = −3.375, p < .001). In T1 qualitative interviews, participants indicated that physical distancing exacerbated exclusion from meaningful activities early in the pandemic. At T3 (1 year later), they described how classist and ableist physical distancing policies layered additional burdens on daily life. Implications: Meaningful activity engagement and psychosocial wellbeing are closely associated and need to be accounted for in the development of pandemic policies that affect persons living in low income. Occupational therapists have a key role in pandemic recovery.

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Boredom and Cognitive Engagement: A Functional Theory of Boredom

Cited by 7 publications

References 151 publications

State boredom increases consumers' gift‐giving intentions in entertainment live‐streaming: A moderated dual‐mediation model

State boredom increases consumers' gift‐giving intentions in entertainment live‐streaming: A moderated dual‐mediation model

Coping with daily boredom: Exploring the relationships of job boredom, counterproductive work behavior, organizational citizenship behavior, and cognitive reappraisal

Meaningful Activity, Psychosocial Wellbeing, and Poverty During COVID-19: A Longitudinal Study

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