BOREAS flight measurements of forest-fire effects on carbon dioxide and energy fluxes

Amiro, B. D.

doi:10.1016/s0168-1923(99)00050-7

Cited by 55 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The global totals and spatial patterns of other climatic variables, e.g. precipitation, also vary strongly between GCMs (Amiro et al, 1999;Knutti and Sedlacek, 2013). The effect on the global terrestrial carbon balance of between-GCM variability can be larger than the difference between concentration pathways (Ahlström et al, 2013).…”

Section: Uncertainties Arising From Climate Change and Climate Variabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing uncertainties in global cropland futures using a conditional probabilistic modelling framework

et al. 2016

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Abstract. We present a modelling framework to simulate probabilistic futures of global cropland areas that are conditional on the SSP (shared socio-economic pathway) scenarios. Simulations are based on the Parsimonious Land Use Model (PLUM) linked with the global dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS (Lund-Potsdam-Jena General Ecosystem Simulator) using socio-economic data from the SSPs and climate data from the RCPs (representative concentration pathways). The simulated range of global cropland is 893-2380 Mha in 2100 (± 1 standard deviation), with the main uncertainties arising from differences in the socio-economic conditions prescribed by the SSP scenarios and the assumptions that underpin the translation of qualitative SSP storylines into quantitative model input parameters. Uncertainties in the assumptions for population growth, technological change and cropland degradation were found to be the most important for global cropland, while uncertainty in food consumption had less influence on the results. The uncertainties arising from climate variability and the differences between climate change scenarios do not strongly affect the range of global cropland futures. Some overlap occurred across all of the conditional probabilistic futures, except for those based on SSP3. We conclude that completely different socio-economic and climate change futures, although sharing low to medium population development, can result in very similar cropland areas on the aggregated global scale.

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Section: Uncertainties Arising From Climate Change and Climate Variabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing uncertainties in global cropland futures using a conditional probabilistic modelling framework

et al. 2016

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“…Thus, despite more energy absorption from low summer albedos, net radiation and heat fluxes are suppressed (Chambers et al, 2005;Liu and Randerson, 2008). Although black carbon has a substantial impact on summer surface energy budgets, its persistence is limited to the first few years as it is washed away and degraded, and grasses, herbs, and shrubs colonize and/or re-sprout (Amiro et al, 1999;Yoshikawa et al, 2003). Re-growing landscapes during the first two decades are subsequently dominated by shrubs and tree saplings that exhibit higher summer albedos than pre-fire mature ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-latitude cooling associated with landscape changes from North American boreal forest fires

2013

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Fires in the boreal forests of North America are generally stand-replacing, killing the majority of trees and initiating succession that may last over a century. Functional variation during succession can affect local surface energy budgets and, potentially, regional climate. Burn area across Alaska and Canada has increased in the last few decades and is projected to be substantially higher by the end of the 21st century because of a warmer climate with longer growing seasons. Here we simulated changes in forest composition due to altered burn area using a stochastic model of fire occurrence, historical fire data from national inventories, and succession trajectories derived from remote sensing. When coupled to an Earth system model, younger vegetation from increased burning cooled the high-latitude atmosphere, primarily in the winter and spring, with noticeable feedbacks from the ocean and sea ice. Results from multiple scenarios suggest that a doubling of burn area would cool the surface by 0.23 &pm; 0.09 °C across boreal North America during winter and spring months (December through May). This could provide a negative feedback to winter warming on the order of 3–5% for a doubling, and 14–23% for a quadrupling, of burn area. Maximum cooling occurs in the areas of greatest burning, and between February and April when albedo changes are largest and solar insolation is moderate. Further work is needed to integrate all the climate drivers from boreal forest fires, including aerosols and greenhouse gasses

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“…Studies of the post-fire energy balance in the boreal forest have included subarctic sites (Rouse and Kershaw, 1971;Rouse, 1976) and daytime summer conditions from aircraft (Amiro et al, 1999). Tower-based measurements of a 1-year-old jackpine site showed a decrease in net radiation (R n ), sensible heat flux density (H), and latent heat flux density (LE) compared to a mature site whereas a 10-year-old site showed little difference compared to a nearby mature site in summer (Amiro, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of post-fire stand age on the boreal forest energy balance

Amiro

Orchansky

Barr³

et al. 2006

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

195

223

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Fire in the boreal forest renews forest stands and changes the ecosystem properties. The successional stage of the vegetation determines the radiative budget, energy balance partitioning, evapotranspiration and carbon dioxide flux. Here, we synthesize energy balance measurements from across the western boreal zone of North America as a function of stand age following fire. The data are from 22 sites in Alaska, Saskatchewan and Manitoba collected between 1998 and 2004 for a 150-year forest chronosequence. The summertime albedo immediately after a fire is about 0.05, increasing to about 0.12 for a period of about 30 years and then averaging about 0.08 for mature coniferous forests. A mature deciduous (aspen) forest has a higher summer albedo of about 0.16. Wintertime albedo decreases from a high of 0.7 for 5-to 30-year-old forests to about 0.2 for mature forests (deciduous and coniferous). Summer net radiation normalized to incoming solar radiation is lower in successional forests than in more mature forests by about 10%, except for the first 1-3 years after fire. This reduction in net radiative forcing is about 12-24 W m À2 as a daily average in summer (July). The summertime daily Bowen ratio exceeds 2 immediately after the fire, decreasing to about 0.5 for 15-year-old forests, with a wide range of 0.3-2 for mature forests depending on the forest type and soil water status. The magnitude of these changes is relatively large and may affect local, regional and perhaps global climates. Although fire has always determined stand renewal in these forests, increased future area burned could further alter the radiation balance and energy partitioning, causing a cooling feedback to counteract possible warming from carbon dioxide released by boreal fires. #

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BOREAS flight measurements of forest-fire effects on carbon dioxide and energy fluxes

Cited by 55 publications

References 36 publications

Assessing uncertainties in global cropland futures using a conditional probabilistic modelling framework

Assessing uncertainties in global cropland futures using a conditional probabilistic modelling framework

High-latitude cooling associated with landscape changes from North American boreal forest fires

The effect of post-fire stand age on the boreal forest energy balance

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