Boreal marine fauna from the Barents Sea disperse to Arctic Northeast Greenland

Andrews, Adam J.; Christiansen, Jørgen S.; Bhat, S. R.; Lynghammar, Arve; Westgaard, Jon‐Ivar; Pampoulie, Christophe; Præbel, Kim

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42097-x

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The model also predicts that other commercially important species, especially boreal species will be expanded northward (Manuscript in preparation). These results are consistent with findings from other research (e.g., Christiansen et al, 2014;Haug et al, 2017;Andrews et al, 2019).…”

Section: Results 1/3 -Implications For Svalbard -Longyearbyen Intervisupporting

confidence: 93%

The Melting Snowball Effect: A Heuristic for Sustainable Arctic Governance Under Climate Change

et al. 2020

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Climate change in the Arctic is occurring at a rapid rate. In Longyearbyen, Svalbard, the world's northernmost city, deadly avalanches and permafrost thaw-induced architectural destruction has disrupted local governance norms and responsibilities. In the North Atlantic, the warming ocean temperatures have contributed to a rapid expansion of the mackerel stock which has spurred both geo-political tensions but also tensions at the science-policy interface of fish quota setting. These local climate-induced changes have created a domino-like chain reaction that intensifies through time as a warming Arctic penetrates deeper into responsibilities of governing institutions and science institutions. In face with the increasing uncertain futures of climate-induced changes, policy choices also increase revealing a type of "snowballing" of possible futures facing decision-makers. We introduce a portmanteau-inspired concept called "The Melting Snowball Effect" that encompasses the chain reaction ("domino effect") that increases the number of plausible scenarios ("snowball effect") with climate change (melting snow, ice and thawing permafrost). We demonstrate the use of "The Melting Snowball Effect" as a heuristic within a Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) framework of anticipation, engagement and reflection. To do this, we developed plausible scenarios based on participatory stakeholder workshops and narratives from in-depth interviews for deliberative discussions among academics, citizens and policymakers, designed for informed decision-making in response to climate change complexities. We observe generational differences in discussing future climate scenarios, particularly that the mixed group where three generations were represented had the most diverse and thorough deliberations.

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Section: Results 1/3 -Implications For Svalbard -Longyearbyen Intervisupporting

confidence: 93%

The Melting Snowball Effect: A Heuristic for Sustainable Arctic Governance Under Climate Change

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, the predicted weakening of the SPG will further enhance this process. Increasing habitat suitability for boreal fish might further enhance survival of larvae drifting with ocean currents and thereby experience higher colonization from surrounding regions as recently seen in northern East Greenland (Andrews et al., 2019; Christiansen et al., 2016; Strand et al, 2017). Our results improve the foundation for prediction of boreal fish abundance in Greenland in a warming future, while accounting for the natural variability of the SPG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Subpolar gyre and temperature drive boreal fish abundance in Greenland waters

et al. 2020

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As result of ocean warming, marine boreal species have shifted their distribution poleward, with increases in abundance at higher latitudes, and declines in abundance at lower latitudes. A key to predict future changes in fish communities is to understand how fish stocks respond to climate variability. Scattered field observations in the first half of the 20th century suggested that boreal fish may coherently invade Greenland waters when temperatures rise, but this hypothesis has remained untested. Therefore, we studied how local temperature variability and the dynamics of the subpolar gyre, a large-scale driver of oceanic conditions in the North Atlantic, affect abundance of boreal fishes in a region that sharply defines their lower thermal boundary. We analysed information from demersal trawl surveys from 1981 to 2017, for species distributed from shallow shelf to depths of 1,500 m, collected at over 10,000 stations along ~3,000 km of Greenland. Our results show that local temperature and variability of Labrador and Irminger Sea water in the subpolar gyre region drive interdecadal variability of boreal fish abundance in Greenland waters. Although temperature fluctuations were higher in shallow than deep regions, fish abundance changed as quickly in great depths as in shallow depths. This link between physics and biology provides an opportunity for prediction of future trends, which is of utility in Greenland, where fisheries constitute more than 90% of the national export value.

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“…However, in the light of climate change, the facilitated access to Arctic waters due to the ice retreat might lead to increased exploitation of polar cod, either as a target species or as bycatch in pelagic fisheries and bottom trawling (Christiansen et al 2014). Additionally, changed physiological constraints or increased competition from other fish species such as the subarctic capelin, Mallotus villosus (Hop and Gjøsaeter 2013), or through predation from boreal species like Atlantic cod and haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, expanding their range into the polar cod habitat (Renaud et al 2012;Christiansen 2016;Andrews et al 2019) might represent further challenges for the persistence of its populations in the future.…”

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct genetic clustering in the weakly differentiated polar cod, Boreogadus saida Lepechin, 1774 from East Siberian Sea to Svalbard

et al. 2021

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The cold-adapted polar cod Boreogadus saida, a key species in Arctic ecosystems, is vulnerable to global warming and ice retreat. In this study, 1257 individuals sampled in 17 locations within the latitudinal range of 75–81°N from Svalbard to East Siberian Sea were genotyped with a dedicated suite of 116 single-nucleotide polymorphic loci (SNP). The overall pattern of isolation by distance (IBD) found was driven by the two easternmost samples (East Siberian Sea and Laptev Sea), whereas no differentiation was registered in the area between the Kara Sea and Svalbard. Eleven SNP under strong linkage disequilibrium, nine of which could be annotated to chromosome 2 in Atlantic cod, defined two genetic groups of distinct size, with the major cluster containing seven-fold larger number of individuals than the minor. No underlying geographic basis was evident, as both clusters were detected throughout all sampling sites in relatively similar proportions (i.e. individuals in the minor cluster ranging between 4 and 19% on the location basis). Similarly, females and males were also evenly distributed between clusters and age groups. A differentiation was, however, found regarding size at age: individuals belonging to the major cluster were significantly longer in the second year. This study contributes to increasing the population genetic knowledge of this species and suggests that an appropriate management should be ensured to safeguard its diversity.

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Boreal marine fauna from the Barents Sea disperse to Arctic Northeast Greenland

Cited by 35 publications

References 53 publications

The Melting Snowball Effect: A Heuristic for Sustainable Arctic Governance Under Climate Change

The Melting Snowball Effect: A Heuristic for Sustainable Arctic Governance Under Climate Change

Subpolar gyre and temperature drive boreal fish abundance in Greenland waters

Distinct genetic clustering in the weakly differentiated polar cod, Boreogadus saida Lepechin, 1774 from East Siberian Sea to Svalbard

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