Borderline personality disorder and childhood trauma: Evidence for a causal relationship

Ball, Jeff; Links, Paul S.

doi:10.1007/s11920-009-0010-4

Cited by 252 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Securely attached individuals with BPD are very rare (Levy, 2005). The childhood and youth of BPD patients are typically characterized through conditions that impairs mentalizing (Ball & Links, 2009). Neglect, abuse, maltreatment through caregivers are the most obvious features of such conditions.…”

Section: Experimental Methods Based On Game Theory Developed In Behavmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inconsistency and social decision making in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder

Preuss

Brändle

Hager

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Research

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Inconsistent social behavior is a core psychopathological feature of borderline personality disorder. The goal of the present study was to examine inconsistency in social decision-making using simple economic social experiments. We investigated the decisions of 17 female patients with BPD, 24 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 36 healthy controls in three single shot economic experiments measuring trust, cooperation, and punishment. BPD severity was assessed using the Zanarini Rating Scale for BPD. Investments across identical one-shot trust and punishment games were significantly more inconsistent in BPD patients than in controls. Such inconsistencies were only found in the social risk conditions of the trust and punishment conditions but not in the non-social control conditions. MDD patients did not show such inconsistencies. Furthermore, social support was negatively correlated with inconsistent decision-making in the trust and punishment game, which underscores the clinical relevance of this finding.

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Section: Experimental Methods Based On Game Theory Developed In Behavmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inconsistency and social decision making in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder

Preuss

Brändle

Hager

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Research

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“…Although implicit SE and explicit SE are susceptible to change, Baccus, Baldwin, and Packer [19] suggest that such divergences between the two interfere with a person's ability to benefit from positive social feedback. Notably, discrepancies in either direction are thought to be maladaptive and have been found to correlate with psychological distress in depression [22] and borderline personality disorder [23], both of which are associated with childhood trauma [24] and [25] and PNESs [3] and [4]. One explanation for why discrepant self-evaluations are problematic comes from cognitive dissonance theory [26], which proposes that conflicting thoughts, ideas, beliefs, or behaviors produce uncomfortable feelings and tension or anxiety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit and explicit self-esteem discrepancies in people with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

Dimaro

Roberts

Moghaddam

et al. 2015

Epilepsy & Behavior

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Purpose: Self-esteem (SE), or one's sense of competence and worth, is reduced in many mental and physical\ud disorders. Low SE is associated with perceived stigma and disability and poor treatment outcomes. The present\ud study examined implicit and explicit SE (automatic and deliberate views about the self) in people with epilepsy\ud and people with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs). Discrepancies between implicit SE and explicit SE\ud have been found to correlate with psychological distress in disorders often associated with PNESs but are\ud relatively unexplored in PNESs. We hypothesized that, compared with epilepsy, PNESs would be associated\ud with lower self-reported SE and greater discrepancies between implicit SE and explicit SE.\ud Methods: Thirty adults with PNESs, 25 adults with epilepsy, and 31 controls without a history of seizures were\ud asked to complete the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale as a measure of explicit SE and an Implicit Relational\ud Assessment Procedure as a measure of implicit SE. The State–Trait Anxiety Inventory and Patient Health\ud Questionnaire—15 (a somatic symptom inventory) were also administered.\ud Results: We found significant group differences in explicit (p b 0.001) but not implicit SE. Patients with PNESs\ud reported lower SE than the other groups. No group differences were found in implicit SE. Implicit–explicit SE\ud discrepancies were larger in the group with PNESs than in the other groups (p b 0.001). Higher frequency of\ud PNESs (but not epileptic seizures) was associatedwith lower explicit SE (rs=−.83, p b 0.01) and greater SE discrepancies\ud (i.e., lower explicit relative to implicit SE; rs = .65, p b 0.01). These relationships remained significant\ud when controlling for anxiety and somatization.\ud Conclusion: Patients with PNESs had lower explicit SE than those with epilepsy or healthy controls. In keeping\ud with our expectations, there were greater discrepancies between implicit SE and explicit SE among patients\ud with PNESs than in the other groups. Our results, including the strong relationship between PNES frequency,\ud anxiety, and explicit–implicit SE discrepancies, support the interpretation that PNESs serve to reduce cognitive\ud dissonance, perhaps protecting patients' implicit SE

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“…Experiencing trauma has been recognized as a risk factor for a range of psychiatric disorders (Widom et al 2007;Chen et al 2010). Childhood trauma in particular, has been identified as a potentially causal factor in the development of borderline personality disorder (Ball & Links, 2009) and has been linked to psychotic-like experiences in adolescence (Kelleher et al 2008(Kelleher et al , 2013, and the development of full-threshold psychosis later in life (Varese et al 2012;Thompson et al 2014). Childhood trauma may also be a driver of functional problems across the lifespan (Zielinski, 2009;Bücker et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood trauma and functional disability in psychosis, bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder: a review of the literature

Cotter

Kaess

Yung

2014

Ir. j. psychol. Med.

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Objectives. We aimed to examine the association between childhood trauma and functional impairment in psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder, to speculate on possible mechanisms that underlie this association and discuss the implications for clinical work.Methods. Narrative review of the peer-reviewed English language literature in the area.Results. High rates of childhood trauma in psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder were identified. This was associated with impaired social and occupational functioning in both the premorbid and established phases of each of these psychiatric disorders over and above the deficits typically observed in these populations. Possible mechanisms mediating this relationship include neurocognitive deficits, insecure attachment, higher rates of comorbidities and problems with adherence and response to treatment. Conclusions.Routine clinical inquiry about childhood maltreatment should be adopted within mental health settings. This has potentially important treatment implications for identifying those individuals at elevated risk of functional disability. While there is no clear guidance currently available on how to target childhood trauma in the treatment of psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder, there are several promising lines of enquiry and further research is warranted.

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Borderline personality disorder and childhood trauma: Evidence for a causal relationship

Cited by 252 publications

References 44 publications

Inconsistency and social decision making in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder

Inconsistency and social decision making in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder

Implicit and explicit self-esteem discrepancies in people with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

Childhood trauma and functional disability in psychosis, bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder: a review of the literature

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