“…One idea is to train a model using bilingual information from corpora aligned at the sentence level (Zou et al, 2013;Hermann and Blunsom, 2014;Luong et al, 2015) and document level (Vulic and Moens, 2016;Levy et al, 2017). Another is to exploit the isomorphic structure (Conneau et al, 2017;Artetxe et al, 2018), dictionary (Mikolov et al, 2013;Faruqui and Dyer, 2014;Huang et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2016), shared cognate, vocab (Hauer et al, 2017;Smith et al, 2017), numeral (Artetxe et al, 2017) through ad-hoc projection.…”