Boosting the Capacitive Performance of Supercapacitors by Hybridizing N, P-Codoped Carbon Polycrystalline with Mn3O4-Based Flexible Electrodes

Abstract

Chitosan, a biomass raw material, was utilized as a carbon skeleton source and served as a nitrogen (N) atom dopant in this study. By co-doping phosphorus (P) atoms from H3PO4 and nitrogen (N) atoms with a carbon (C) skeleton and hybridizing them with Mn3O4 on a carbon fiber cloth (CC), an Mn3O4@NPC/CC electrode was fabricated, which exhibited an excellent capacitive performance. The N, P-codoped carbon polycrystalline material was hybridized with Mn3O4 during the chitosan carbonization process. This carbon polycrystalline structure exhibited an enhanced conductivity and increased mesopore content, thereby optimizing the micropore/mesopore ratio in the electrode material. This optimization contributed to the improved storage, transmission, and diffusion of electrolyte ions within the Mn3O4@NPC electrode. The electrochemical behavior was evaluated via cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge tests using a 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. The capacitance significantly increased to 256.8 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and the capacitance retention rate reached 97.3% after 5000 charge/discharge cycles, owing to the higher concentration of the P-dopant in the Mn3O4@NPC/CC electrode. These findings highlight the tremendous potential of flexible supercapacitor electrodes in various applications.

Electrostatically induced reconstruction of the 3D nitrogen-doped Ti3C2Tx electrode and its excellent desalination performance for hybrid capacitive deionization

“…The improved ion storage capacity of 3D-N-Ti 3 C 2 T x is inferred to benefit from both the highly porous structure, and nitrogen doping since ample studies manifest that nitrogen doping contributes to the specific capacitance of electrode materials. 41–43 In Fig. 4(c), the specific capacitance of m-Ti 3 C 2 T x and 3D-N-Ti 3 C 2 T x at different scanning speeds is illustrated.…”

Amorphous Fe2O3 Anchored on N-Doped Graphene with Internal Micro-Channels as an Active and Durable Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…In addition, heteroatom-doping and metal oxide/sulfide composites are also effective ways to enhance the sodium storage capabilities of r-GO-based materials. Because it can improve the electrical conductivity and promote Na + adsorption and insertion, various heteroatoms have been doped into r-GO layers to regulate properties, such as N, P, B, S, and F [ 3 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Meanwhile, numerous metal oxides/sulfides have been extensively researched as promising electrode materials in SIBs due to their high theoretical specific capacity [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”