Bone Tissue Engineering with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Bioactive Composites of Laser-Sintered Porous Polycaprolactone Scaffolds and Platelet-Rich Plasma

Abstract

Three-dimensional porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with consistent inter-pore channels, 83% porosity and 300–400 μm pore size were fabricated via selective laser sintering. The PCL scaffold was combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to form a bioactive composite and studied for potential application in bone tissue engineering using porcine adipose-derived stem cells (PASCs). The PCL/PRP/PASCs construct showed enhanced cell seeding efficiency and synergistically increased the differentiation capability of PASCs in osteogenic medium toward the osteoblast lineage, judging from elevated alkaline phosphatase activity and up-regulated osteogenic genes expression. For in vivo study, a 3 cm × 3 cm mandible defect was created in pigs and reconstructed by implanting acellular PCL scaffolds or PCL/PRP/PASCs constructs. Both groups showed new bone formation, however, the new bone volume was 5.1 times higher for PCL/PRP/PASCs 6 months post-operation. The bone density was less and loose in the acellular PCL group and the Young’s modulus was only 29% of normal bone. In contrast, continued and compact bone formation was found in PCL/PRP/PASCs and the Young’s modulus was 81% that of normal bone. Masson’s trichrome stain, immunohistochemical analysis of osteocalcin and collagen type I also confirmed new bone formation.

Bone Regeneration Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Injectable Thermo-Gelling Hydrogel Scaffold Containing Platelet-Rich Plasma and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate

“…Abundant examples in the literature have addressed the positive effects of PRP on bone regeneration by combining with different biomaterials and various cell sources [ 40 ]. Improvement of osteogenesis of ASCs by PRP was also confirmed in a previous study by us [ 41 ]. Therefore, we hypothesize the incorporation of PRP and BCP as the osteo-inductive and osteo-conductive factor in the thermo-gelling hydrogel HA-CPN would influence the osteogenesis of ASCs.…”

Biotin-avidin mediates the binding of adipose-derived stem cells to a porous β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold: Mandibular regeneration

“…Bone tissue engineering has been widely studied and typically involves combining scaffolds with various growth factors and cell sources ( 22 ). Searching for an optimal scaffold for bone regeneration remains an unsolved and interesting challenge for researchers.…”

“…Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which are recognized as a type of mesenchymal stem cell ( 18 ), have a similar morphology, differentiation capacity, and phenotype to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) ( 19 ). Zuk et al ( 20 , 21 ) initially reported the existence of a mesenchymal stromal/stem cell isolated from adipose tissue, and since then the osteogenic potential of ADSCs in vitro and in vivo has been demonstrated in numerous studies ( 19 , 22 , 23 ). As compared with BMSCs, ADSCs are easier to obtain and can be harvested in large numbers from small volumes of adipose tissue.…”

Integration of Rabbit Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Hydroxyapatite Burr Hole Button Device for Bone Interface Regeneration

“…The device was coated on all the sides by the ADMSCs in the medium. After being incubated at 37°C for 1 hour to allow cell attachment, DMEM with 10% FBS (Gibco, USA) was added for 24 h. The seeded device was maintained for 3, 7, and 14 days, independently [ 13 ]. The ADMSC seeded device was washed with PBS, fixed in 1% glutaraldehyde in Sorensen phosphate buffer for 24 hours and dehydrated in a graded ethanol series and the morphology of adhered and attached ADMSC on the device was visualized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (Hitachi 2500).…”