Bone substitutes: An update

Giannoudis, Peter V.; Dinopoulos, Haralambos; Tsiridis, Eleftherios

doi:10.1016/j.injury.2005.07.029

Cited by 1,741 publications

(1,535 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…4−7 De novo stimulation of bone formation is of significant clinical interest for a variety of situations, including spinal fusion surgery, bone fracture repair, and treatment of osteoporosis. 8 Taken together, these studies indicate that activators of Hh signaling are valid leads for further development as therapeutic agents for a variety of neuro-and osteodegenerative disorders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Structure–Activity Relationships for Side Chain Oxysterol Agonists of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

Corman

DeBerardinis

Hadden

2012

ACS Med. Chem. Lett.

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Oxysterols (OHCs) are byproducts of cholesterol oxidation that are known to activate the Hedeghog (Hh) signaling pathway. While OHCs that incorporate hydroxyl groups throughout the scaffold are known, those that act as agonists of Hh signaling primarily contain a single hydroxyl on the alkyl side chain. We sought to further explore how side chain hydroxylation patterns affect oxysterol-mediated Hh activation, by performing a structure−activity relationship study on a series of synthetic OHCs. The most active analogue, 23(R)-OHC (35), demonstrated potent activation of Hh signaling in two Hh-dependent cell lines (EC 50 values 0.54−0.65 μM). In addition, OHC 35 was approximately 3-fold selective for the Hh pathway as compared to the liver X receptor, a nuclear receptor that is also activated by endogenous OHCs. Finally, 35 induced osteogenic differentiation and osteoblast formation in cultured cells, indicating functional agonism of the Hh pathway.

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mentioning

confidence: 86%

Structure–Activity Relationships for Side Chain Oxysterol Agonists of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

Corman

DeBerardinis

Hadden

2012

ACS Med. Chem. Lett.

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“…Although autogeneous bone continues to be the "gold standard" in bone substitution [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], its limited availability and the need for a second surgical site and procedure drove the quest to other alternatives, like allografts (from cadavers), xenografts (from animals) and numerous synthetic materials [15-17, 20, 21], all having merits and limitations [13,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of a xenogeneic and an alloplastic material used in dental implants in terms of physico-chemical characteristics and in vivo inflammatory response

Figueiredo

Coimbra

Cabrita

et al. 2013

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Two commercial bone grafts used in dentistry (Osteobiol Gen-Os®, a xenograft of porcine origin, and Bonelike®, a hydroxyapatite based synthetic material), in the form of granules, were characterized and evaluated in vivo regarding the intensity of the tissue inflammatory response. These biomaterials were characterized in terms of morphology, particle size distribution, porosity and pore size, specific surface are and density. The chemical composition and structure of the materials were accessed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The graft materials were implanted in the gluteus maximus muscles of Wistar rats and the inflammatory response evaluated through histological analysis, after one week of implantation.The results showed that the two grafts have quite different characteristics in practically all the evaluated properties. While Osteobiol® exhibits a structure and composition similar to the natural bone, Bonelike® is constituted by a main crystalline phase of hydroxyapatite and two secondary phases of -and -tricalcium phosphate. Osteobiol® granules, besides being larger, are irregular, and exhibit sharp-edged tips, while those of Bonelike® are approximately cylindrical, with round contours, and more uniform in size. The in vivo response evaluated from the inflammatory infiltrates revealed that although both implants did not cause severe inflammation, Bonelike® granules elicit a consistently more intense inflammatory reaction than that triggered by the granules of Osteobiol®, particularly in terms of collagen production and formation of fibrous capsule. This reaction was partly explained in terms of the characteristics evaluated for the granules of this material.

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“…Therefore, ceramics scaffolds are used with rigid fixation, which protects them from loading forces. The most commonly used ceramic products in spinal fusion procedures are calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, and a combination of these materials [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of beta-tricalcium phosphate and bone marrow aspirate as a bone graft substitute in posterior lumbar interbody fusion

et al. 2012

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Purpose Due to the disadvantages of iliac crest bone and the poor bone quality of autograft gained from decompression surgery, alternative filling materials for posterior lumbar interbody fusion cages have been developed. b-Tricalcium phosphate is widely used in cages. However, data regarding the fusion rate of b-TCP assessed by computer tomography are currently not available. Materials A prospective clinical trial involving 34 patients (56.7 years) was performed: 26 patients were treated with single-level, five patients double-level and three patients triple-level PLIF filled with b-TCP and bone marrow aspirate perfusion, and additional posterior pedicle screw fixation. Fusion was assessed by CT and X-rays 1 year after surgery using a validated fusion scale published previously. Functional status was evaluated with the visual analogue scale and the Oswestry Disability Index before and 1 year after surgery. Results Forty-five levels in 34 patients were evaluated by CT and X-ray with a follow-up period of at least 1 year. Clinically, the average ODI and VAS for leg and back scores improved significantly (P \ 0.001). CT assessment revealed solid fusion in 12 levels (26.67 %) and indeterminate fusion in 15 levels (34.09 %). Inadequate fusion (non-union) was detected in 17 levels (38.63 %). Conclusion The technique of PLIF using b-TCP yielded a good clinical outcome 1 year after surgery, however, a high rate of pseudoarthrosis was found in this series therefore, we do not recommend b-TCP as a bone graft substitute using the PLIF technique.

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Bone substitutes: An update

Cited by 1,741 publications

References 61 publications

Structure–Activity Relationships for Side Chain Oxysterol Agonists of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

Structure–Activity Relationships for Side Chain Oxysterol Agonists of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

Comparison of a xenogeneic and an alloplastic material used in dental implants in terms of physico-chemical characteristics and in vivo inflammatory response

The use of beta-tricalcium phosphate and bone marrow aspirate as a bone graft substitute in posterior lumbar interbody fusion

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