Bone Mineral Content and Density in Overweight and Control Adolescent Boys

Hage, Rawad El; Hage, Zaher El; Jacob, Christophe; Moussa, Elie; Theunynck, Denis; Baddoura, Rafic

doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2011.01.003

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Physical exercise and the amount of dietary intake strongly infl uence the change of body mass, which strongly affects the bone mass status (23,24). In the present study, the exercise groups had lower food intakes despite the expenditure of physical activity-related energy, which may have led to lower fi nal body weight and femoral dry weights compared with the non-exercise groups (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Effect of Different Intake Levels of Dietary Protein and Physical Exercise on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Strength in Growing Male Rats

Takeda

Kobayashi

Park

et al. 2012

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Having higher bone mineral density (BMD) during growth is complexly infl uenced by many factors. For example, nutrition and physical exercise are key factors. However, few studies have investigated the combined effects of these factors. In this study, we investigated the effect of physical exercise and different levels of protein intake on BMD and bone strength of growing male rats. Forty-seven male Wistar rats (5 wk old) were randomized into 10% (Low), 20% (Moderate) and 40% (High) protein diet groups, and each group was further divided into exercise groups (LEx, MEx, HEx) or non-exercise groups (L, M, H). Exercise group rats were trained 6 d per week on a treadmill (25-30 m/min, 60 min) for 60 d. After being sacrifi ced, their BMD and bone strength were evaluated. The BMD of tibia, femoral breaking force and energy were signifi cantly lower in the low protein diet groups than the other diet groups. In particular, the femoral breaking energy was signifi cantly lower in the HEx group than in the H group, while there were no differences between LEx and L or MEx and M. Taken together, our data suggests that a low protein intake could suppress acquisition of bone mass and increasing bone strength during growth. Moreover, a high protein intake could also suppress bone strength during growth in which physical activity was vigorously performed. Therefore, sustaining an adequate protein intake level, around 20% protein intake, may be of signifi cance for increasing not only bone mass but bone strength during growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Effect of Different Intake Levels of Dietary Protein and Physical Exercise on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Strength in Growing Male Rats

Takeda

Kobayashi

Park

et al. 2012

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…Moreover, the results of previous studies analysing bone mass and bone density in obese individuals are highly inconclusive. While according to some authors, bone mass decreases with body weight [19], others did not document a significant effect of body weight on bone mineral density [20, 21] or even demonstrated that obese children, adolescents and adults presented with relatively higher bone mass and dimensions [22, 23]. An increase in bone mass and bone density in obese subjects is postulated to result from greater mechanical load, direct effect of leptin or enhanced enzymatic activity of aromatase [23–26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient obese children participating in an integrated weight-loss programme (a double-blind placebo-controlled study) – rationale for the study design

Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz

Brzeziński

Jankowska

et al. 2017

BMC Pediatr

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BackgroundObesity is associated not only with an array of metabolic disorders (e.g. insulin resistance, hiperinsulinemia, impaired tolerance of glucose, lipid disorders) but also skeletal and joint abnormalities. Recently, a pleiotropic role of vitamin D has been emphasized. Obese children frequently present with vitamin D deficiency, and greater fat mass is associated with lower serum concentration of this vitamin. Although some evidence suggests that weight loss may affect vitamin D status, this issue has not been studied extensively thus far. The aim of a double-blind placebo-controlled study is to assess long-term health effects of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient obese children participating in an integrated weight-loss programme.MethodsA randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial analysing the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation in overweight or obese vitamin D deficient (<30 ng/ml) children participating in an integrated weight-loss programme. Children are randomized to receive either vitamin D (1200 IU) or placebo for 26 weeks. Primary endpoints include changes in BMI (body mass index), body composition and bone mineral density at the end of the study period, and secondary endpoints – the changes in laboratory parameter reflecting liver and kidney function (transaminases, creatinine) and glucose homeostasis (glucose and insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test).DiscussionThe effects of vitamin D supplementation in obese individuals, especially children, subjected to a weight-loss program are still poorly understood. Considering physiological processes associated with puberty and adolescent growth, we speculate that supplementation may enhance weight reduction and prevent bone loss in obese children deficient in this vitamin.Trial registration NCT 02828228; Trial registration date: 8 Jun 2016; Registered in: ClinicalTrials.gov. The trial was registered retrospectively.

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“…Bone mineral apparent density (BMAD; g/cm 3 ), an estimate of volumetric BMD, was calculated [36]: (1) TB BMAD = BMC/(TB BA 2 /height) and (2) LS BMAD = LS BMC/LS BA 3/2 . In addition, the expression of TB BMC for height was calculated to adjust for TB bone size [10]. TB FM, FFM, and trunk FM were also measured by DXA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Body fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) are both positively correlated with BMD before puberty [4,5,6] as well as during pubertal development [7,8] and in adolescence [5,9]. However, in obese children an opposite picture has been seen, namely obese children have lower BMD when adjusting for their body size [10,11]. As the bone peak mass is the major determinant of bone strength in adulthood [12], it is particularly important to know the determinants of bone mass development in puberty and adolescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Bone Mineral Characteristics and Serum Levels of Ghrelin and Peptide YY in Overweight Adolescent Boys

et al. 2015

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Background/Aims: The role of ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) in bone mineralization is not fully known. The aim of this study was to determine whether acylated and des-acyl ghrelin and PYY in addition to leptin are related to bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescent overweight boys (OWB) and normal-weight boys (NWB). Participants and Methods: Fifty- five OWB (BMI >85th percentile) and 154 NWB (BMI <85th percentile) aged 12-16 years participated in this study. Fasting serum acylated and des-acyl ghrelin, PYY, leptin, testosterone levels, total body (TB) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral content (BMC), and BMD were measured. TB BMC for height and TB and LS bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) were calculated. Results: No differences were seen in acylated and des-acyl ghrelin or PYY levels, while the leptin levels were significantly higher in the OWB compared to the NWB. In the OWB, TB BMAD was positively correlated with acylated ghrelin and leptin, and TB BMC for height was positively correlated with PYY. In the OWB, the variability of TB BMD was determined by TB fat-free mass and des-acyl ghrelin, whereas the variability of TB BMAD was determined by leptin. Conclusions: Des-acyl ghrelin and PYY are involved in the bone mineralization process in puberty, and the impact can vary between normal and overweight subjects.

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Bone Mineral Content and Density in Overweight and Control Adolescent Boys

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of Different Intake Levels of Dietary Protein and Physical Exercise on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Strength in Growing Male Rats

Effect of Different Intake Levels of Dietary Protein and Physical Exercise on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Strength in Growing Male Rats

Long-term effects of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient obese children participating in an integrated weight-loss programme (a double-blind placebo-controlled study) – rationale for the study design

Associations between Bone Mineral Characteristics and Serum Levels of Ghrelin and Peptide YY in Overweight Adolescent Boys

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