Effect of Different Intake Levels of Dietary Protein and Physical Exercise on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Strength in Growing Male Rats

Takeda, Satoko; Kobayashi, Yuki; Park, Jong Hoon; Ezawa, Ikuko; Omi, Naomi

doi:10.3177/jnsv.58.240

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…On the other hand, exercise caused a minor, but significant, downregulation of bone mineral apposition (e.g., MAR) and sizerelated measurements. Similar findings have been reported for other nutritional manipulation studies (e.g., CR and PR) (14)(15)(16) as well as endurance interventions (16,22). Because BW is known to be associated with bone size, we further conducted a PearsonÕs correlation between BW and various size-related indices.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Endurance athletes (e.g., long-distance runners) have normal or subnormal levels of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) (20,21). Similar observations were drawn from animal studies showing that endurance training of growing or adult male rats was associated with a reduction or no change in bone size, mineral accumulation, and extrinsic bone strength (16,22,23). However, when normalized to body mass, healthy endurance athletes and endurance-trained animals had normal or higher BMD or BMC compared with nonexercise control groups (24,25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Endurance exercise alone caused a minor reduction in long bone growth and GP thickness as reported in previous treadmill or voluntary running training studies (16,39). Exercise not only downregulated systemic bone resorption markers but also downregulated local bone formation activity and osteoclast density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In fact, a recent study revealed that MR reduces bone mass and size in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (12), an outcome similar to observations from CR and PR studies (14)(15)(16). In contrast to CR and/or PR, MR diets are consumed ad libitum and are designed to be equal in total amino acids and isocaloric with respect to a control diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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A Methionine-Restricted Diet and Endurance Exercise Decrease Bone Mass and Extrinsic Strength but Increase Intrinsic Strength in Growing Male Rats

Huang

Lewis

Lin

et al. 2014

The Journal of Nutrition

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Dietary methionine restriction (MR) has been suggested to be comparable to endurance exercise with respect to its beneficial effects on health. To further investigate the effects of MR and endurance exercise on growing bone, 7-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed different l-methionine (Met)-containing diets with or without endurance exercise intervention (Ex; 0.86% Met, 0.52% Met, 0.17% Met, 0.86% Met-Ex, 0.52% Met-Ex, and 0.17% Met-Ex groups). After an 8-wk intervention period, exercise-trained rats had a 9.2% lower body weight (BW) than did sedentary rats (P < 0.05). Additionally, 0.17% Met-fed rats had 32% lower BW when compared with rats fed the other 2 diets (P < 0.05). Serum osteocalcin was lower in the 0.17% Met-Ex group compared with the other 2 exercise groups and the 0.17% Met group (P < 0.05). Serum concentrations of C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen were lower in exercise-trained and 0.17% Met-fed rats than in sedentary rats and rats fed the other 2 diets (P < 0.05 for both). Rats fed the 0.17% Met diet had lower trabecular bone volume, bone mineralization activities, and bone mineral content (BMC; e.g., total, cortical, and spongy BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD; e.g., total and spongy BMD) indices compared with rats fed the other 2 diets (P < 0.05). Exercise-trained rats also had lower bone mineralization activity, trabecular osteoclast density, total BMC, cortical BMC, and total BMD compared with sedentary rats (P < 0.05). In total BMD, only the 0.17% Met-Ex group had values lower than the other 2 exercise groups and the 0.17% Met group (P < 0.05). Compared with rats fed the other 2 diets and sedentary rats, the femora of 0.17% Met-fed and exercise-trained rats, respectively, had smaller size and/or lower extrinsic strength but enhanced intrinsic biomechanical properties (P < 0.05). The results indicate that MR and endurance exercise caused lower whole bone mass, size, and/or strength but might enhance intrinsic bone strength.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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A Methionine-Restricted Diet and Endurance Exercise Decrease Bone Mass and Extrinsic Strength but Increase Intrinsic Strength in Growing Male Rats

Huang

Lewis

Lin

et al. 2014

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…Protein deficiency could decrease the secretion of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) [13], which may prevent normal growth of bone mass. Recently, we also demonstrated that a low protein intake suppressed the acquisition of bone mass and the increase of bone strength during growth period [14]. Conversely, a high protein intake results in higher urinary calcium (Ca) excretion, which may lead to accelerated bone resorption [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrolyzed collagen intake increases bone mass of growing rats trained with running exercise

Takeda

Park

Kawashima

et al. 2013

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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BackgroundSome studies have shown that dietary hydrolyzed collagen peptides (HC) effectively prevent age-related bone loss. However, it is not known whether the intake of HC also has positive effect on bone mass or strength when combined with exercise during growth phase.MethodsWe examined the effects of 11 weeks of HC intake and running exercise on bone mass and strength in growing rats. Rats were randomized into four groups, the 20% casein group (Casein20), the 40% casein group (Casein40), the 20% HC group (HC20), and the 40% HC group (HC40). Each group was further divided into exercise groups (Casein20 + Ex, Casein40 + Ex, HC20 + Ex, HC40 + Ex) and non-exercise group (Casein20, Casein40, HC20, HC40). In the HC intake groups, 30% of casein protein was replaced with HC. Exercise group rats were trained 6 days per week on a treadmill (25–30 m/min, 60 min) for 60 days. After being sacrificed, their bone mineral content (BMC) and bone strength were evaluated.ResultsExercise and dietary HC effects were observed in the adjusted BMC of lumbar spine and tibia among the 20% protein groups (p < 0.001 for exercise; p < 0.05 for dietary HC, respectively). These effects were also noted in the adjusted wet weight and dry weight of femur among the 20% protein groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.01 for exercise; p < 0.01, p < 0.001 for dietary HC, respectively). On the other hand, in adjusted bone breaking force and energy, dietary HC effect was not significant. Among the 40% protein groups, similar results were obtained in the adjusted BMC, femoral weight, bone breaking force, and energy. There were no differences between the 20% protein groups and the 40% protein groups.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that moderate HC intake (where the diet contains 20% protein, of which 30% is HC) increased bone mass during growth period and further promoted the effect of running exercise. On the other hand, a higher HC intake (where the diet contains 40% protein, of which 30% is HC) had no more beneficial effect on bone mass than the moderate HC intake.

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Protein intake and bone health: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society

Zittermann¹,

Schmidt²,

Haardt³

et al. 2023

Osteoporos Int

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This umbrella review aimed at assessing whether a protein intake exceeding the current recommendation for younger (0.8 g/kg body weight [BW]/day) and older (1.0 g/kg BW/day) adults affects bone mineral density and fracture risk. Moreover, the effect of animal or plant protein was evaluated. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews (SRs) with or without meta-analysis of prospective studies published between 11/2008 and 08/2021. Methodological quality, outcome-specific certainty of evidence, and overall certainty of evidence of the retrieved SRs were assessed using established tools and predefined criteria. Eleven SRs of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and/or cohort studies were included. In SRs of cohort studies and RCTs, protein intake/kg BW/day ranged between 0.21–0.95 g (low intake) and > 1.24 g (high intake), respectively, and between 0.67–1.1 g (control groups) and 1.01–1.69 g (intervention groups), respectively. The vast majority of outcome-specific certainty of evidence was rated “low” or “very low.” The overall certainty of evidence for an association (cohort studies) or effect (RCTs) of total, animal or plant protein intake on each of the investigated outcomes was rated “insufficient,” with the exception of possible evidence for a reduced hip fracture risk by high vs. low protein intake. Since protein intakes in low/control and high/intervention groups were very heterogeneous and with low certainty of evidence, it remains unclear whether a dose above the current recommendation or type of protein intake (animal or plant protein) affects bone health overall. However, there is possible evidence for reduced hip fracture risk with high versus low protein intake. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00198-023-06709-7.

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Effect of Different Intake Levels of Dietary Protein and Physical Exercise on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Strength in Growing Male Rats

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

A Methionine-Restricted Diet and Endurance Exercise Decrease Bone Mass and Extrinsic Strength but Increase Intrinsic Strength in Growing Male Rats

A Methionine-Restricted Diet and Endurance Exercise Decrease Bone Mass and Extrinsic Strength but Increase Intrinsic Strength in Growing Male Rats

Hydrolyzed collagen intake increases bone mass of growing rats trained with running exercise

Protein intake and bone health: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society

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