Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Can Provide a Local Environment That Favors Migration and Formation of Tubular Structures of Endothelial Cells

Abstract

Findings suggest that mesenchymal progenitor cells can support the process of blood vessel formation, which may be relevant during granulation tissue formation at defect sites. The aim of this study was to investigate possible mechanisms of the angiogenic process that can be stimulated by mesenchymal progenitor cells. In the in vivo-like model of the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay, we observed blood vessel ingrowth into collagen sponges containing conditioned medium from undifferentiated bone marrow stromal cells. In the Boyden chamber assay, the conditioned medium was chemotactic for human umbilical vascular endothelial cells and human uterus microvascular endothelial cells, and when cells were placed on Matrigel-coated culture dishes, formation of tubular structures was enhanced. The presence of vascular endothelial growth factor-neutralizing antibodies did not affect the outcome of the two in vitro assays. Bone marrow stromal cell-conditioned medium had no effect on proliferation of endothelial cells, as determined by measuring [3H]thymidine incorporation, and on matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression, as evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and gelatin zymography. These data indicate that mesenchymal progenitor cells can provide a local environment that supports the ingrowth of blood vessels into a defect site.

Adipose Stem Cells as Alternatives for Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Oral Ulcer Healing

“…The native pericyte function of these cells may be retained in wound tissues. Pericytes are microvascular support cells that exhibit phenotypic characteristics intermediate between myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells (28). The neovasculature attracts pericytes through the release of the chemokines platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB).…”

Stem Cell Therapy in Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration

“…MSCs produce basic fibroblast growth factors (FGF) and VEGF-A, in addition to macrophages and fibroblasts, which provide powerful mitogenic cues to promote proliferation, migration and differentiation of microvascular endothelial cells. (81,82) MSCs also express paracrine factors to promote vascular stability and vasoprotection (83,84), including adrenomedullin (85). It has been hypothesized that these functions are unique to MSCs because of their possible perivascular origin, and they are able to exploit these functions to recreate their perivascular niche as the process of vasculature remodeling is concluded.…”

Placental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Blood Vessels or Avascular Tissues: What Is the Better Choice to Support Endothelial Cell Function?

“…Their capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondroblasts, and several other cell types, combined with a low immunogenicity, makes them promising candidates for tissue-engineering and cell-based therapies [2]. An additional favorable characteristic of MSCs is their ability to promote angiogenesis and support blood vessel formation [3][4][5][6][7][8]. These properties might be beneficial for therapeutic revascularization of ischemic tissues and for supporting vessel formation in engineered tissue constructs.…”