Bone marrow immunoregulatory peptides (myelopeptides): Isolation, structure, and functional activity

Abstract

Myelopeptides (MPs) are bioregulatory mediators of bone marrow origin. Several individual MPs have been isolated from the supernatant of porcine bone marrow cell culture by successive solid phase extraction and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Two of them, MP-1 (Phe-Leu-Gly-Phe-Pro-Thr) and MP-2 (Leu-Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp), were synthesized and their biological activities were comprehensively studied. Both hexapeptides display pronounced immunoregulatory activity but their final effects as well as mechanisms of action are different. Peptides MP-1 and MP-2 are identical to conservative fragments 33-38 alpha- and 31-36 beta-chains of hemoglobin, respectively. The sequences of other isolated MPs have no homology with any functional protein. The role of MPs in bioregulatory processes in vivo is discussed.

Isolation and Evaluation of Bioactive Protein and Peptide from Domestic Animals’ Bone Marrow

“…They represent a highly nutritious resource both for food and medicine, which contain a variety of proteins, oils, chondroitin, phosphorproteins, mucopolysaccharides, amino acids, vitamins, calcium, and phosphorus as well as minerals such as iron, zinc, copper, strontium and other health beneficial factors [ 2 , 3 ]. Bone protein, which has numerous biological functions including antioxidant [ 4 ], antimicrobial [ 5 ], immuno-modulatory [ 6 ], antitumor [ 7 ] and hypoglycemic [ 8 ] activities, is the most important component of animal bone.…”

Hemorphins Act as Homeostatic Agents in Response to Endotoxin-Induced Stress

“…Thus, calcineurin may regulate immune-neuro-endocrine interaction and hemorphins, by modulation of calcineurin activity, may also be involved in that processes in physiological and pathophysiological conditions of the organism. The involvement of hemorphins in pathophysiology of cancer, Alzheimer's disease and diabetes has also been reported [31][32][33][34][35]. It should be underscored that hemorphins exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties [31,36].…”

“…The involvement of hemorphins in pathophysiology of cancer, Alzheimer's disease and diabetes has also been reported [31][32][33][34][35]. It should be underscored that hemorphins exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties [31,36]. Hemorphins were shown to affect IL-2 synthesis and IL-2 receptor expression in lymphocytes [23,31,33] and they appear to be both positive and negative regulators of T cell proliferation [24,31,37].…”

Spatial structure of myelopeptides: I. conformational analysis of MP-1, MP-2, and MP-3

“…Petrov et al have recently determined the amino acid sequences of these peptides, peculiarities of their function, and mechanisms of their action [4][5][6][7]. The authors used the supernatant of a short-term cell culture of porcine bone marrow as the starting material and isolated from it six new biologically active peptides:…”