Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles enriched collagen chitosan scaffold in skin wound healing (a rat model)

Abstract

Background Over the past ten years, regenerative medicine has focused on the regeneration and the reconstruction of damaged, diseased, or lost tissues and organs. Skin, being the largest organ in the human body, had attained a good attraction in this field. Delayed wound healing is one of the most challenging clinical medicine complications. This study aimed to evaluate the collagen chitosan scaffold’s effect alone, or enriched with either bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) or their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) on the duration and quality of skin wound healing. Methods A full-thickness skin wound was induced on the back of 32 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The wounds were either covered with collagen chitosan scaffolds alone, scaffolds enriched with stem cells, or extracellular vesicles. Unprotected wounds were used as control. Healing duration, collagen deposition and alignment, CD 68+ macrophage count, and functional tensile strength of healed skin were assessed (α = 0.05, n = 8). Results The rate of skin healing was significantly accelerated in all treated groups compared to the control. Immuno-histochemical assessment of CD68+ macrophages showed enhanced macrophages count, in addition to higher collagen deposition and better collagen alignment in EVs and BM-MSCs treated groups compared to the control group. Higher tensile strength values reflected the better collagen deposition and alignment for these groups. EVs showed higher amounts of collagen deposition and better alignment compared to MSCs treated group. Conclusion The collagen chitosan scaffolds enriched with MSCs or their EVs improved wound healing and improved the quantity and remodeling of collagen with a better assignment to EVs.

Glibenclamide Nanocrystal-Loaded Bioactive Polymeric Scaffolds for Skin Regeneration: In Vitro Characterization and Preclinical Evaluation

“…For detection of CD68-positive macrophages, deparaffinized sections obtained on day 7 [6] were placed on positively charged slides and rehydrated in descending grades of alcohol. The endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked using 3% hydrogen peroxide for 10 min.…”

“…Additionally, it should allow for gas exchange between the wounded tissue and the surrounding environment [2]. Although synthetic materials 2 of 33 have excellent mechanical properties and are easily processed, they have a major drawback, which is their low biocompatibility [6]. Hence, modern dressings are formulated from natural polymers such as alginate, collagen, chitosan, elastin and hyaluronic acid, mimicking the structural and biological characteristics of the skin's extracellular matrix (ECM) [2].…”

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-loaded β-chitin nanofiber hydrogel promote wound healing in rats

“…The existing methods for promoting wound healing have some problems such as limited effect or inconvenient use. Stem cell therapy has been shown to be effective in treating the chronic wound, and the scaffold for stem cell played an important role for its successful applications [ 32 ]. In this study, β-ChNF hydrogel was investigated as the scaffold of ADSCs.…”

Potential effect of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells on hyperoxia-induced pulmonary alveolar injury

“…The tube’s cap was loosened to allow gas exchange and was incubated upright at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 . Every 3 days, the media was changed, and after 28 days, the chondrogenic spheroidal pellet was harvested and stained for assessing the cartilage-specific proteoglycan using Alcian blue 8GX stain [ 16 ].…”