Bone Loss and Bone Size after Menopause

Abstract

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Impact of Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy on Bone Turnover, Cortical Bone Growth and Vertebral Morphology in Pre- and Peripubertal Boys with Idiopathic Short Stature

“…Testosterone-to-estradiol ratio showed a positive correlation with the change in MCI. This observation is in line with the classic view of cortical bone growth regulation by sex steroids; androgens increase whereas estrogens decrease periosteal bone formation [23,24,25]. Our finding is also consistent with recent findings in young men around the age of attainment of peak bone mass, in whom free testosterone was found to be a positive, and free estradiol a negative predictor of cortical bone size [26].…”

Association between weight changes and changes in hip geometric indices in the Japanese female population during 10-year follow-up: Japanese Population-based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Cohort Study

“…Further, the perimenopausal women exhibited significantly greater changes in some indices than one or more postmenopausal groups. These results are consistent with previous studies [27,28] suggesting that estrogen withdrawal leads to a decline in bone geometric strength.…”

“…Estrogen withdrawal during the menopausal transition is known to result in BMD decline and is associated with rapid decline in bone strength indices at the distal radius [27] and the hip [28]. As can be seen in Table 4, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women showed apparently greater changes in HSA indices than the premenopausal women.…”

Mechanical Stimulation of Bone in Vivo Reduces Osteocyte Expression of Sost/Sclerostin

“…Low bone mass and poor bone structure are two major risk factors for osteoporotic fracture (1,2). A simple yet effective means to enhance bone mass and architecture is through mechanical stimulation of the resident bone cell population (3,4).…”