Bone-like ceramic scaffolds designed with bioinspired porosity induce a different stem cell response

Abstract

Biomaterial science increasingly seeks more biomimetic scaffolds that functionally augment the native bone tissue. In this paper, a new concept of a structural scaffold design is presented where the physiological multi-scale architecture is fully incorporated in a single-scaffold solution. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic scaffolds with different bioinspired porosity, mimicking the spongy and cortical bone tissue, were studied. In vitro experiments, looking at the mesenchymal stem cells behaviour, were conducted in a perfusion bioreactor that mimics the physiological conditions in terms of interstitial fluid flow and associated induced shear stress. All the biomaterials enhanced cell adhesion and cell viability. Cortical bone scaffolds, with an aligned architecture, induced an overexpression of several late stage genes involved in the process of osteogenic differentiation compared to the spongy bone scaffolds. This study reveals the exciting prospect of bioinspired porous designed ceramic scaffolds that combines both cortical and cancellous bone in a single ceramic bone graft. It is prospected that dual core shell scaffold could significantly modulate osteogenic processes, once implanted in patients, rapidly forming mature bone tissue at the tissue interface, followed by subsequent bone maturation in the inner spongy structure.

Porous Geometry Guided Micro-mechanical Environment Within Scaffolds for Cell Mechanobiology Study in Bone Tissue Engineering

“…seeded cell density, cell proliferation, ECM production, etc.) ( Grayson et al, 2008 ; Panseri et al, 2021 ). The effect of porosity on the permeability of the scaffold, which describes the amount of flow through the scaffold, can be calculated by the Kozeny-Carman Equation ( Eq.…”

Ceramic materials based on lanthanum zirconate for the bone augmentation purposes: materials science approach

“…A wide range of tasks related to the field of biomedical materials science includes the unresolved problem of effective implant osseointegration [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Currently known materials which can potentially be used as bone allografts have a number of disadvantages, such as reduced biocompatibility, allergic and toxic reactions [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Development of Femtosecond Laser-Engineered β-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) Biomimetic Templates for Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering

“…Research from Panseri et.al. [42] has demonstrated that the combination of multi-scale structures with core-shell design of the scaffolds could successfully mimic the cortical bone structure. They have used human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) cells as a very appropriate choice for autologous stem cells in order to boost bone regeneration.…”