Bone histomorphometry in the pathophysiological evaluation of primary and secondary osteoporosis and various treatment modalities

Microarchitectural adaptations in aging and osteoarthrotic subchondral bone issues

“…Significant microarchitectural changes occur in OP cancellous bone compared with normal control, despite only a slight reduction in bone volume fraction [172]. These microarchitectural changes are suggested to be a consequence of trabecular plate perforations.…”

“…Bone turnover Increased at menopause [162] Increased at local [33,104] & reduced in general [33] Heterogeneous: low, normal or increased [172] Decreased [148] Bone mass/density Decreased [39,127] Increased [103](V) Reduced [129,154] Reduced [103] Bone collage Unchanged in content [39], reduced collagen reduciable cross link [141] Unchanged (V), but denatured [31] in early OA, abnormal in severe OA [117,118] Abnormal bone collagen [184] Cross-linking density & degradation depend on the disease activity [93] Mineral content Relative unchanged [39] or reduced at menopause [163] Unchanged in early OA(V), slightly decreased in severe OA [74,104] Relative unchanged [129] Decreased at both appendicular and axial skeleton [103] Microarchitecture Systemic deterioration at both axial and peripheral sites [124,125] (III) Deterioration in early OA(VI), and severe OA [55] Systemic deterioration at both axial & peripheral sites [143,172,179] Deterioration at affected joints [9,90] Mechanical properties Reduced [39,127] Decreased in early OA(V), increased to less extent than bone mass increase [104] Reduced to greater extent [167] Reduced to greater extent [9] Bone quality Reduced …”

“…These diseases, such as osteoarthrosis (OA) [12], osteoporosis (OP) [155,172], and fragility fracture [119,125], are among the major health care problems in terms of socioeconomic costs. A thorough understanding of age-related microarchitectural adaptation of bone tissues is crucial for diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of these age-related musculoskeletal diseases; for design, fixation, and survival of joint prosthesis, and functional adaptation of host bone; and for application of biomaterials regarding interface reaction, fracture repair and defect healing.…”

The Protective Role of Simvastatin on Methotrexate-Induced Bone Injury in Adult Albino Rat

“…Previous studies assumed that osteoporosis could be manifested as thinning of bone trabeculae or as removal of some bone trabeculae with remaining trabeculae of normal thickness [30,32,33] . Parfitt et al had reported that bone loss in osteoporosis was initiated by increased depth of erosion cavities, which would lead to focal disruption of the trabeculae, followed by progressive enlargement of the perforations and subsequently, would lead to conversion of the trabecular plates to widely separated rods and bars.…”

The selective estrogen receptor modulator SCH 57068 prevents bone loss, reduces serum cholesterol and blocks estrogen-induced uterine hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats

“…In addition, from the above measurements trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), osteoid thickness (O.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were calculated. All measurements and calculations were done according to the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) nomenclature and guidelines [16], and the evaluation methods previously described [17][18][19][20].…”