Bone fragility in patients with diabetes mellitus: A consensus statement from the working group of the Italian Diabetes Society (SID), Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE), Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (SIGG), Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (SIOT)

Napoli, Nicola; Incalzi, Raffaele Antonelli; Gennaro, Giovanni; Marcocci, Claudio; Marfella, Raffaele; Papalia, Rocco; Purrello, Francesco; Ruggiero, Carmelinda; Tarantino, Umberto; Tramontana, Flavia; Conte, Caterina

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2021.01.019

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…By inhibiting the enzyme activity, it can relatively increase naturally occurring incretin, including glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose dependence. , Excess insulin can decrease the concentration of blood sugar. Symptoms depend on the degree and speed of blood sugar reduction, and hunger, restlessness, rapid pulse, dilated pupils, anxiety, dizziness, ataxia, tremor, coma, and even convulsions may appear . Therefore, the quantitative detection of insulin is extremely important.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral Luminescent Sensor Eu-BTB@d-Carnitine Applied in the Highly Effective Ratiometric Sensing of Curing Drugs and Biomarkers for Diabetes and Hypertension

et al. 2022

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Chiral drugs are of great significance in drug development and life science because one pair of enantiomers has a different combination mode with target biological active sites, leading to a vast difference in physical activity. Metal–organic framework (MOF)-based chiral hybrid materials with specific chiral sites have excellent applications in the highly effective sensing of drug enantiomers. Sitagliptin and clonidine are effective curing drugs for controlling diabetes and hypertension, while insulin and norepinephrine are the biomarkers of these two diseases. Excessive use of sitagliptin and clonidine can cause side effects such as stomach pain, nausea, and headaches. Herein, through post-synthetic strategy, MOF-based chiral hybrid material Eu-BTB@ d -carnitine (H3BTB = 1,3,5-benzenetrisbenzoic acid) was synthesized. Eu-BTB@ d -carnitine has dual emission peaks at 417 and 616 nm when excited at 330 nm. Eu-BTB@ d -carnitine can be applied in luminescent recognition toward sitagliptin and clonidine with high sensitivity and low detection limit (for sitagliptin detection, K sv is 7.43 × 106 [M–1]; for clonidine detection, K sv is 9.09 × 106 [M–1]; limit of detection (LOD) for sitagliptin is 10.21 nM, and LOD of clonidine is 8.34 nM). In addition, Eu-BTB@ d -carnitine can further realize highly sensitive detection of insulin in human fluids with a high K sv (2.08 × 106 [M–1]) and a low LOD (15.48 nM). On the other hand, norepinephrine also can be successfully discriminated by the hybrid luminescent platform of Eu-BTB@ d -carnitine and clonidine with a high K sv value of 4.79 × 106 [M–1] and a low LOD of 8.37 nM. As a result, the chiral hybrid material Eu-BTB@ d -carnitine can be successfully applied in the highly effective ratiometric sensing of curing drugs and biomarkers for diabetes and hypertension.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral Luminescent Sensor Eu-BTB@d-Carnitine Applied in the Highly Effective Ratiometric Sensing of Curing Drugs and Biomarkers for Diabetes and Hypertension

et al. 2022

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“…In general, diabetic patients need higher doses of oral vitamin D supplementation to achieve desired 25(OH)D levels. Therefore, a daily dose of at least 800 IU of vitamin D (up to 4000 IU per day) should be recommended [ 137 , 138 ]. While a possible positive effect on disease progression cannot be proven yet, vitamin D supplementation is crucial for bone health and bone fragility prevention, a common complication of diabetes.…”

Section: Vitamin D and Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunologic Profile of Vitamin D and Its Role in Different Immune-Mediated Diseases: An Expert Opinion

Giannini

Giusti²,

Minisola

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Historically, vitamin D is recognized as an essential component for the maintenance of the musculoskeletal system. The immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in health and disease has gained much interest in recent years due to the many pathologies that share underlying immunological features where vitamin D has been shown to exert a potential role. Evidence from pre-clinical studies show that vitamin D elicits biological effects on both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Furthermore, in vivo studies have shown that administration of vitamin D can lead to changes in or the development of a range of immune-related diseases. This encourages the hypothesis that data derived from clinical and epidemiological studies connect vitamin D with the incidence and severity of many immune-mediated disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and infectious diseases. Since some other immune-mediated diseases share similar features to that of viral infection such as COVID-19, in this review, we examined these other areas and the role of vitamin D in these diseases.

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“…1 Diabetes is associated with increased fracture risk and impaired bone health, and fragility fractures can affect various age groups with different disease burden depending on type of diabetes, disease duration, and the presence of other comorbidities. 2 Patients with DM have a 32% increased relative risk of total fractures (vertebral, upper extremity, and lower extremity) and 24% increased relative risk of ankle fractures compared with patients without DM. 3 In a recent descriptive study of 250,000 patients, the incidence rate of foot, ankle, and tibia/fibula fracture were higher in patients with newly treated DM compared with a matched control group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…20 The risk of amputation after ankle fracture surgery is 7.4 times higher in patients with DM compared with patients without DM. 21 The aims of this review are as follows: (1) to review the pertinent aspects of DM bone physiology and fracture healing, (2) to review the recent literature on the treatment of foot and ankle fractures in patients with complicated DM, and (3) to provide diagnosis and treatment protocols in this population based on the recent published evidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractures and dislocations of the foot and ankle in people with diabetes: a literature review

Johnson

Kandasamy

Raspovic

et al. 2023

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology

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Diabetes (DM) increases fracture risk, and bone quality depends on type diabetes type, duration, and other comorbidities. Diabetes is associated with a 32% increased relative risk (RR) of total fractures and 24% increased RR of ankle fractures compared with patients without DM. Type 2 DM is associated with a 37% increased RR of foot fractures compared with patients without DM. The incidence of ankle fractures in the general population is 169/100,000 per year, while foot fractures occur less frequently, with an incidence of 142/100,000 per year. Biomechanical properties of bone are negatively impacted by stiff collagen, contributing to the increased risk of fragility fractures in patients with DM. Systemic elevation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), impact bone healing in patients with DM. Fractures in patients with DM, can be associated with poorly regulated levels of RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear transcription factor kappa-b ligand) leading to prolonged osteoclastogenesis, and net bone resorption. One of the most salient factors in treating fractures and dislocations of the foot and ankle is to recognize the difference between patients with uncomplicated and complicated DM. Complicated diabetes is defined as ‘end organ damage’, and for the purposes of this review, includes patients with neuropathy, peripheral artery disease (PAD) and/or chronic renal disease. Uncomplicated diabetes is not associated with ‘end organ damage’. Foot and ankle fractures in patients with complicated DM pose challenges, and surgery is associated with increased risks of impaired wound healing, delayed fracture healing, malunion, infection, surgical site infection, and revision surgery. While patients with uncomplicated DM can be treated like patients without DM, patients with complicated DM require close follow-up and robust fixation methods should be considered to withstand the anticipated prolonged healing period. The aims of this review are as follows: (1) to review pertinent aspects of DM bone physiology and fracture healing, (2) to review the recent literature on treatment of foot and ankle fractures in patients with complicated DM, and (3) to provide treatment protocols based on the recent published evidence.

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Bone fragility in patients with diabetes mellitus: A consensus statement from the working group of the Italian Diabetes Society (SID), Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE), Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (SIGG), Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (SIOT)

Cited by 13 publications

References 135 publications

Chiral Luminescent Sensor Eu-BTB@d-Carnitine Applied in the Highly Effective Ratiometric Sensing of Curing Drugs and Biomarkers for Diabetes and Hypertension

Chiral Luminescent Sensor Eu-BTB@d-Carnitine Applied in the Highly Effective Ratiometric Sensing of Curing Drugs and Biomarkers for Diabetes and Hypertension

The Immunologic Profile of Vitamin D and Its Role in Different Immune-Mediated Diseases: An Expert Opinion

Fractures and dislocations of the foot and ankle in people with diabetes: a literature review

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