Chiral Luminescent Sensor Eu-BTB@d-Carnitine Applied in the Highly Effective Ratiometric Sensing of Curing Drugs and Biomarkers for Diabetes and Hypertension

Abstract

Chiral drugs are of great significance in drug development and life science because one pair of enantiomers has a different combination mode with target biological active sites, leading to a vast difference in physical activity. Metal–organic framework (MOF)-based chiral hybrid materials with specific chiral sites have excellent applications in the highly effective sensing of drug enantiomers. Sitagliptin and clonidine are effective curing drugs for controlling diabetes and hypertension, while insulin and norepinephrine are the biomarkers of these two diseases. Excessive use of sitagliptin and clonidine can cause side effects such as stomach pain, nausea, and headaches. Herein, through post-synthetic strategy, MOF-based chiral hybrid material Eu-BTB@ d -carnitine (H3BTB = 1,3,5-benzenetrisbenzoic acid) was synthesized. Eu-BTB@ d -carnitine has dual emission peaks at 417 and 616 nm when excited at 330 nm. Eu-BTB@ d -carnitine can be applied in luminescent recognition toward sitagliptin and clonidine with high sensitivity and low detection limit (for sitagliptin detection, K sv is 7.43 × 106 [M–1]; for clonidine detection, K sv is 9.09 × 106 [M–1]; limit of detection (LOD) for sitagliptin is 10.21 nM, and LOD of clonidine is 8.34 nM). In addition, Eu-BTB@ d -carnitine can further realize highly sensitive detection of insulin in human fluids with a high K sv (2.08 × 106 [M–1]) and a low LOD (15.48 nM). On the other hand, norepinephrine also can be successfully discriminated by the hybrid luminescent platform of Eu-BTB@ d -carnitine and clonidine with a high K sv value of 4.79 × 106 [M–1] and a low LOD of 8.37 nM. As a result, the chiral hybrid material Eu-BTB@ d -carnitine can be successfully applied in the highly effective ratiometric sensing of curing drugs and biomarkers for diabetes and hypertension.

Metal–Organic Framework-Based Fluorescent Sensors for the Detection of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds

“…The sensitivity of the sensor for clonidine was supported by the low value of LOD (8.34 nM) and high K sv value of 9.09 × 10 6 M –1 . Luminescence lifetime measurement supported that the dynamic detection pathway resulted in the observed quenching in the presence of this targeted drug …”

“…People with type 2 diabetes can benefit from this by lowering blood sugar levels and improving glycaemic control . Several side effects (i.e., pancreatitis, allergic reactions, vomiting, nausea, and joint pain) can be observed by the excess use of sitagliptin . Thus, the measurement of its concentration in various body fluids is necessary.…”

“…The MOF displayed a low LOD value of 10.21 nM with a high K sv of 7.43 × 10 6 M –1 for the sensing of sitagliptin. With the help of several instruments, the authors proved that PET from the electron-rich probe to electron-poor “F” containing sitagliptin is responsible for the observed quenching in PL in the presence of the targeted drug …”

“…Ding and his team developed a chiral luminescent Eu­(III)-MOF (Eu-BTB@ d -carnitine) for the sensing of sitagliptin (Figure a) . For the MOF synthesis, they employed a postsynthetic modification method.…”

Ultrafast Response in Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing with Ni(II)-MOFs by Dimensional Manipulation

“…Diseases with an excessive blood glucose level often lead to serious complications, such as premature death, amputation, and blindness. , Yet, treating diabetes based on current medical technology is still a daunting challenge, and diabetes accounts for approximately 11.3% of deaths worldwide . Therefore, monitoring the blood glucose level presents important significance for the prevention and control of diabetes. − …”