Bone cross-sectional geometry in male runners, gymnasts, swimmers and non-athletic controls: a hip-structural analysis study

Hind, Karen; Gannon, Lisa; Whatley, Emma; Cooke, Carlton; Truscott, J G

doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2008-y

Cited by 41 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…SM increases as the femur expands in diameter by subperiosteal apposition, an effect reported following weight-bearing exercise interventions (20) and in observational studies of athletes compared to controls (21). Given the superior bone geometrical properties in rugby players, overall bone strength in this group is likely to be adequate for their loading demands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Insights Into Relationships Between Body Mass, Composition and Bone: Findings in Elite Rugby Players

Hind

Gannon

Brightmore

et al. 2015

Journal of Clinical Densitometry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent reports indicate that bone strength is not proportional to body weight in obese populations.Elite rugby players have a similar body mass index (BMI) to obese individuals, but differ markedly with low body fat, high lean mass and frequent skeletal exposure to loading through weight-bearing exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine relationships between body weight, composition and bone strength in male rugby players characterised by high BMI and high lean mass.Fifty two elite male rugby players and 32 non-athletic, age-matched controls differing in BMI ; p=0.02) received one total body and one total hip DXA scan. Hip Structural Analysis of the proximal femur was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD) and cross-sectional bone geometry. Multiple linear regression was computed to identify independent variables associated with total hip and femoral neck BMD and HSA-derived bone geometry parameters. Analysis of covariance was used to explore differences between groups. Further comparisons between groups were performed after normalising parameters to body weight and to lean mass. There was a trend for a positive fat-bone relationship in rugby players, and a negative relationship in controls, although neither reached statistical significance. Correlations with lean mass were stronger for bone geometry (r 2 =0.408-0.520) than for BMD (r 2 =0.267-0.293).Relative to body weight, BMD was 6.7% lower in rugby players than controls (p<0.05). Rugby players were heavier than controls, with greater lean mass and BMD (p<0.01). Relative to lean mass, BMD was 10-14.3% lower in rugby players (p<0.001). All bone geometry measures except cross-sectional area, were proportional to body weight and lean mass. To conclude, BMD in elite rugby players was reduced in proportion to body weight and lean mass. However, their superior bone geometry suggests that overall bone strength may be adequate for loading demands. Fat-bone interactions in athletes engaged in high impact sports require further exploration.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Insights Into Relationships Between Body Mass, Composition and Bone: Findings in Elite Rugby Players

Hind

Gannon

Brightmore

et al. 2015

Journal of Clinical Densitometry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Maneuvers performed during artistic gymnastics expose the skeleton to dynamic loads and high ground reaction forces at both the upper and lower body (Dolan et al, 2006;Wade et al, 2012;Weeks and Beck, 2008). Alternatively, participation in nonweight bearing activities such as swimming is associated with minimal skeletal benefits (Hind et al, 2012). Bone mineral accrued during the early years of life may benefit bone strength into young adulthood, suggesting the importance of physical activity recall methods that are specific to skeletal loading and comprise total lifetime loading activities (Baxter-Jones et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Questionnaires designed to assess energy expenditure alone may not correlate with bone outcomes due to the lack of specificity with respect to skeletal loading. As an example, activities such as swimming likely require a high level of energy expenditure; however, the bone stimulating effects are minimal (Hind et al, 2012;Lazar et al, 2013). To capture bone-stimulating characteristics of individual activities, two recall questionnaires were developed, i.e., the Bone Loading History Questionnaire (BLHQ) and the Bone-Specific Physical Activity Questionnaire (BPAQ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Load-Specific Physical Activity Scores are Related to Tibia Bone Architecture

Kindler

Ross²,

Laing³

et al. 2015

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Assessment of physical activity in clinical bone studies is essential. Two bone-specific physical activity scoring methods, the Bone Loading History Questionnaire (BLHQ) and Bone-Specific Physical Activity Questionnaire (BPAQ), have shown correlations with bone density and geometry, but not architecture. The purpose of this study was to determine relationships between physical activity scoring methods and bone architecture in non-Hispanic white adolescent females (N = 24; 18-19 years of age). Bone loading scores (BLHQ [hip and spine] and past BPAQ) and energy expenditure (7-day physical activity recall) were determined from respective questionnaires. Estimates of trabecular and cortical bone architecture at the nondominant radius and tibia were assessed via magnetic resonance imaging. Total body and regional areal bone mineral density (aBMD), as well as total body fat mass and fat-free soft tissue (FFST) mass were assessed via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Pearson's correlations and partial correlations adjusting for height, total body fat mass, and FFST were performed. Hip BLHQ scores were correlated with midtibia cortical volume (r = .43; p = .03). Adjusted hip and spine BLHQ scores were correlated with all midtibia cortical measures (r = .50-0.58; p < .05) and distal radius apparent trabecular number (r = .46-0.53; p < .05). BPAQ scores were correlated with all midtibia cortical (r = .41-0.51; p < .05) and most aBMD (r = .47-0.53; p < .05) measures. Energy expenditure was inversely associated with femoral neck aBMD only after statistical adjustment (r = .49, p < .05). These data show that greater load-specific physical activity scores, but not energy expenditure, are indicative of greater midtibia cortical bone quality, thus supporting the utility of these instruments in musculoskeletal research.

show abstract

“…this holding-up of the right leg for relief leads over time to lower BMd in the right femur, seen in all experimental groups except group mu21. the bone loading is necessary to prevent bone loss (17) and the bone structure can be achieved through impact exercise (18). in contrast, prolonged inactivity leads to atrophy, loss of muscle and bone mass (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Mud-Bath Therapy on Bone Status in Rats During Adjuvant Subchronic Arthritis

Zivna

Maric²,

Gradosova

et al. 2012

Acta Med. (Hradec Kralove, Czech Repub.)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary: Introduction: We studied influence of mud-bath on bone status in male Wistar rats with subchronic arthritis. Methods: arthritis was induced by 2 subplantar injections of freund's adjuvans with heat-killed Streptoccocus pyogenes into paw. groups: intact (int) on chippings; (con) arthritis on chippings; (san38) arthritis on hot sand; (mu38) arthritis on hot mud; (mu21) arthritis on mild mud. Bone mineral density (BMd, g/cm 2 ) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and femurs were tested biomechanically. Bone markers osteocalcin (oC), PinP and CtX were analysed in bone. Results: BMd of right femur decreased vs. left in san38 (p = 0.030) and mu38 (p = 0.047). fracture load of right/left femur (N) decreased in experimental groups, significantly in san38 (p = 0.05). Fracture threshold of neck decreased in right vs. left in experimental groups, but significantly in san38 (p = 0.05). OC decreased in mu38 vs. con (1.84 ± 0.14/2.62 ± 0.23). PinP decreased in int vs. san38 (p = 0.005) and mu21 (p < 0.001). CtX decreased in int vs. mu38 (p = 0.006) and mu21 (p = 0.005). Conclusion: the hot bath appears indifferent in relation to osteoporosis, while cold mud-bath shows good effect on bone metabolism. The cold mud-baths help to reduce arthritic inflammation and pain and thereby lead to higher mobility with positive consequence on bone.

show abstract

Bone cross-sectional geometry in male runners, gymnasts, swimmers and non-athletic controls: a hip-structural analysis study

Cited by 41 publications

References 32 publications

Insights Into Relationships Between Body Mass, Composition and Bone: Findings in Elite Rugby Players

Insights Into Relationships Between Body Mass, Composition and Bone: Findings in Elite Rugby Players

Load-Specific Physical Activity Scores are Related to Tibia Bone Architecture

The Effect of Mud-Bath Therapy on Bone Status in Rats During Adjuvant Subchronic Arthritis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About