Bone cell elasticity and morphology changes during the cell cycle

Kelly, G.; Kilpatrick, Jason I.; Es, M.H. van; Weafer, Paul; Prendergast, Patrick J.; Jarvis, Suzanne P.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.03.011

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The assumption of compressible cell behaviour was based on several experimental studies that have characterized Poisson's ratio in both osteoblast [31] and chondrocyte [32 -34] cell types and determined to be approximately y ¼ 0.4. Similar values have been used in a number of previous computational investigations examining the mechanical behaviour of osteoblast cells [14,35]. Meanwhile, it was assumed that the nucleus stiffness was four times that of the cytoplasm region, resulting in an elastic modulus (E) of 17.88 kPa, while maintaining the equivalent Poisson's ratio (y ¼ 0.4).…”

Section: Structural Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fluid–structure interaction model to characterize bone cell stimulation in parallel-plate flow chamber systems

Vaughan

Haugh

McNamara

2013

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Bone continuously adapts its internal structure to accommodate the functional demands of its mechanical environment and strain-induced flow of interstitial fluid is believed to be the primary mediator of mechanical stimuli to bone cells in vivo. In vitro investigations have shown that bone cells produce important biochemical signals in response to fluid flow applied using parallel-plate flow chamber (PPFC) systems. However, the exact mechanical stimulus experienced by the cells within these systems remains unclear. To fully understand this behaviour represents a most challenging multi-physics problem involving the interaction between deformable cellular structures and adjacent fluid flows. In this study, we use a fluid-structure interaction computational approach to investigate the nature of the mechanical stimulus being applied to a single osteoblast cell under fluid flow within a PPFC system. The analysis decouples the contribution of pressure and shear stress on cellular deformation and for the first time highlights that cell strain under flow is dominated by the pressure in the PPFC system rather than the applied shear stress. Furthermore, it was found that strains imparted on the cell membrane were relatively low whereas significant strain amplification occurred at the cell -substrate interface. These results suggest that strain transfer through focal attachments at the base of the cell are the primary mediators of mechanical signals to the cell under flow in a PPFC system. Such information is vital in order to correctly interpret biological responses of bone cells under in vitro stimulation and elucidate the mechanisms associated with mechanotransduction in vivo.

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Section: Structural Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fluid–structure interaction model to characterize bone cell stimulation in parallel-plate flow chamber systems

Vaughan

Haugh

McNamara

2013

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…A simple model of quantifiying the elastic response of materials is based on the Hertz model which has been frequently used in previous cell study studies (Chen et al, 2010; Kelly et al, 2011; Titushkin and Cho, 2007). The Hertz model predicts elastic modulus of the sample with the assumption of perfect elastic behavior and indenter shape of a rigid sphere or cone.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of human amniotic fluid stem cells using nanoindentation

Aryaei¹,

Jayasuriya²

2013

Journal of Biomechanics

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The aim of this study was to obtain nanomechanical properties of living cells focusing on human amniotic fluid stem (hAFS) cell using nanoindentation techniques. We modified the conventional method of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in aqueous environment for cell imaging and indentation to avoid inherent difficulties. Moreover, we determined the elastic modulus of murine osteoblast (OB6) cells and hAFS cells at the nucleus and cytoskeleton using force–displacement curves and Hertz theory. Since OB6 cell line has been widely used, it was selected to validate and compare the obtained results with the previous research studies. As a result, we were able to capture high resolution images through utilization of the tapping mode without adding protein or using flxation methods. The maximum depth of indentation was kept below 15% of the cell thickness to minimize the effect of substrate hardness. Nanostructural details on the surface of cells were visualized by AFM and fluorescence microscopy. The cytoskeletal fibers presented remarkable increase in elastic modulus as compared with the nucleus. Furthermore, our results showed that the elastic modulus of hAFS cell edge (31.6 kPa) was lower than that of OB6 cell edge (42.2 kPa). In addition, the elastic modulus of nucleus was 13.9 kPa for hAFS cell and 26.9 kPa for OB6 cells. Differences in cell elastic modulus possibly resulted from the type and number of actin cytoskeleton organization in these two cell types.

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“…Khatau et al (2009) reported that the appearance of actin cap depends on the cell cycle. To reduce the influence of cell cycle, we synchronized cell cycle via a serum starvation technique (Kelly, et al, 2011). Briefly, the cells were seeded on the plastic dish in minimum essential medium alpha modification (Wako, Japan) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Biowest, France) and penicillin (100 unit/ml) and streptomycin (100 mg/ml, Sigma, USA).…”

Section: Cell Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of actin filaments of MC3T3-E1 cells during adhesion process to substrate

Wang

Sugita

Nagayama

et al. 2016

JBSE

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In order to determine how cells change their morphology during adhesion process to a substrate, we focused on the actin cytoskeleton and investigated its morphological change along with that of the whole cell during adhesion process. An osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 was used as the test model. We plated cells whose cell cycle had been synchronized by serum starvation on fibronectin-coated glass plate and cultured them for 10 min to 24 h. We then stained their F-actin and nucleus and observed them with a fluorescent microscope for cell area and shape index and 2D parameters for actin morphology, and with a laser scanning microscope for 3D morphology of actin and nucleus. In the beginning of adhesion, the trypsinized cells were round and their nuclei were surrounded uniformly by thick layer of actin. The actin layer in the upper side became actin aggregate (AA) and lower side dense peripheral band (DPB) in 30 min. The upper AA then became smaller and finally to actin filaments (AFs) spanning the cell top. The DPB expanded and finally became AFs on cell bottom by 1 h. The nucleus becomes flattened possibly due to compression by the cell membrane caused by the expansion of the DPB in the early stage of adhesion. In the later stage of adhesion, the number of AFs continuously increased and nucleus became flattened more and more until 12 h. This may be caused by the increase in the top AFs that may compress the nucleus. Cells become more elongated in response to further alignment of AFs until 12 h. These results indicate that change in AFs during adhesion process is complicated not only temporally but also spatially.

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Bone cell elasticity and morphology changes during the cell cycle

Cited by 37 publications

References 63 publications

A fluid–structure interaction model to characterize bone cell stimulation in parallel-plate flow chamber systems

A fluid–structure interaction model to characterize bone cell stimulation in parallel-plate flow chamber systems

Mechanical properties of human amniotic fluid stem cells using nanoindentation

Dynamics of actin filaments of MC3T3-E1 cells during adhesion process to substrate

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