Due to the extreme complexity of the anti-reflective
subwavelength
structure (ASS) parameters and the drastic limitation of Gaussian
beam manufacturing accuracy, it remains a great challenge to manufacture
ASS with ultrahigh transmittance on the surface of infrared window
materials (such as magnesium fluoride (MgF2)) directly
by femtosecond laser. Here, a design, manufacturing, and characterization
method that can produce an ultrahigh-performance infrared window by
femtosecond laser Bessel beam is proposed. Inspired by the excellent
anti-reflective and hydrophobic properties of the special structure
of dragonfly wings, a similar structural pattern with grid-distributed
truncated cones is designed and optimized for its corresponding parameters
to achieve near-full transmittance. The desired submicron structures
are successfully fabricated by a Bessel beam after effectively shaping
the beam. As a practical application, the bioinspired ASS is manufactured
on the surface of MgF2, achieving an ultrahigh transmittance
of 99.896% in the broadband of 3–5 μm, ultrawide angle
of incidence (over 70% at 75° incidence), and good hydrophobicity
with a water contact angle of 99.805°. Results from infrared
thermal imaging experiments show that the ultrahigh-transmittance
MgF2 window has superior image acquisition and anti-interference
performance (3.9–8.6% image contrast enhancement and more accurate
image edge recognition) in an environment with multiple interfering
factors, which may play a significant role in facilitating applications
of infrared thermal imaging technologies in extremely complex environments.