‘Bond cycles’ recorded in terrestrial Pleistocene sediments of southwestern British Columbia, Canada

Hicock, Stephen R.; Lian, Olav B.; Mathewes, Rolf W.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1417(199908)14:5<443::aid-jqs459>3.0.co;2-6

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Also important is the recognition that Heinrich events correlate with ice sheet and mountain‐glacier maxima in North America, Europe and southern South America. For the southern margin of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, the Coguitlam Stade, dated between 21,300 ± 250 (GSC‐3305) and 18,700 ± 170 14 C years BP (GSC‐2344), corresponds to the time of H2, and the Vashon Stade, dated between 15,610 ± 130 (Beta‐11057) and 13,500 ± 220 14 C years BP (GSC‐3124) [ Hicock et al , 1999]. Moreover, the Vashon Stade reached its maximum extent between 14,450 ± 90 (CAM‐23160) and 13,700 ± 150 14 C years BP (QL‐4067 [ Porter and Swanson , 1998] coeval with a pulse of ice‐rafted debris in core PAR‐85‐01 from west of Vancouver Island which shows a marked increase sand grains after 15,280 ± 170 14 C years BP (RIDDL‐808) [ Blaise et al , 1990].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catastrophic ice shelf breakup as the source of Heinrich event icebergs

et al. 2004

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[1] Heinrich layers of the glacial North Atlantic record abrupt widespread iceberg rafting of detrital carbonate and other lithic material at the extreme-cold culminations of Bond climate cycles. Both internal (glaciologic) and external (climate) forcings have been proposed. Here we suggest an explanation for the iceberg release that encompasses external climate forcing on the basis of a new glaciological process recently witnessed along the Antarctic Peninsula: rapid disintegrations of fringing ice shelves induced by climate-controlled meltwater infilling of surface crevasses. We postulate that peripheral ice shelves, formed along the eastern Canadian seaboard during extreme cold conditions, would be vulnerable to sudden climate-driven disintegration during any climate amelioration. Ice shelf disintegration then would be the source of Heinrich event icebergs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catastrophic ice shelf breakup as the source of Heinrich event icebergs

et al. 2004

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“…Regional alpine glacial advances in the Pacific Northwest and changes in sea-surface temperatures and pollen have been compared with the North Atlantic record of climate (Clark and Bartlein, 1995; Hicock et al, 1999; Hendy and Kennett, 2000; Pisias et al, 2001; Grigg and Whitlock, 2002; Jiménez-Moreno et al, 2010). Changes in oxygen isotope composition in Greenland ice cores provide a continuous, high-resolution record of millennial-scale oscillations in climate in the North Atlantic, known as Dansgaard–Oeschger (D-O) cycles (Dansgaard et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of climate and ecology of Skagit Valley, Washington, from 27.7 to 19.8 ka based on plant and beetle macrofossils

Riedel

Telka²,

Bunn

et al. 2021

Quat. res.

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Glacial lake sediments exposed at two sites in Skagit Valley, Washington, encase abundant macrofossils dating from 27.7 to 19.8 cal ka BP. At the last glacial maximum (LGM) most of the valley floor was part of a regionally extensive arid boreal (subalpine) forest that periodically included montane and temperate trees and open boreal species such as dwarf birch, northern spikemoss, and heath. We used the modern distribution and climate of 14 species in 12 macrofossil assemblages and a probability density function approach to reconstruct the LGM climate. Median annual precipitation (MAP) at glacial Lake Concrete (GLC) was ~50% lower than today. In comparison, MAP at glacial Lake Skymo (GLS) was only ~10% lower, which eliminated the steep climate gradient observed today. Median January air temperature at GLC was up to 10.8°C lower than today at 23.5 cal ka BP and 8.7°C lower at GLS at 25.1 cal ka BP. Median July air temperature declines were smaller at GLC (3.4°C–5.0°C) and GLS (4.2°C–6.3°C). Warmer winters (+2°C to +4°C) and increases in MAP (+200 mm) occurred at 27.7, 25.9, 24.4, and 21.2–20.7 cal ka BP. These changes accord with other regional proxies and Dansgaard–Oeschger interstades in the North Atlantic.

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“…Conifer forests characterize the Late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation in the region (e.g., Mathewes 1973;Hebda 1995;Pellatt et al 2002). Immediately before the Vashon glacial advance (maximum ~14.5 14 C ka; Hicock and Armstrong 1985, Clague and Ward 2011) at ~17.5 BP, ESSF forest and parkland occurred during the brief Port Moody Interstade (Hicock et al 1982(Hicock et al , 1999Miller et al 1985;Hicock and Lian 1995;Lian et al 2001). During the early part of the Fraser Glaciation tundra-like vegetation occurred in brief intervals at Point Grey and on adjacent Vancouver Island (Mathewes 1979;Alley 1979).…”

Section: R a F Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in adjacent Seymour valley it includes glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine sediments, and till, associated with two ice advances which occurred during the Coquitlam and Vashon stades, the latter representing the maximum of the Fraser Glaciation. Ice advance units are separated by thin organic sediments deposited during the Port Moody Interstade Hickin 1993, 1996;Hicock and Lian 1995;Hicock et al 1999;Lian et al 2001). In both Lynn and Seymour valleys the glacial sediment fill rests locally on a sequence up to 5 m thick consisting of gravel, organic-rich silt and sand, and compressed woody D r a f t peat that was deposited immediately before the last glaciation.…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olympia Interstadial: vegetation, landscape history, and paleoclimatic implications of a mid-Wisconsinan (MIS3) nonglacial sequence from southwest British Columbia, Canada

2016

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Lithostratigraphic, 14C, and palynologic analyses of peat and silty peat at three nearby sites reveal a 25 000 year vegetation and climate history of the Olympia Interstade for the Fraser Lowland, British Columbia, 300 km within the southern limit of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. At Lynn Valley, Polypodiaceae fern spores and nonarboreal pollen dominate >47.8 14C ka BP, reflecting unstable and cold landscapes. A Pinus–Poaceae zone follows, representing pine parkland and cool dry climate. Fluctuating values of Picea and Tsuga mertensiana pollen at Lynn and Seymour valleys and Port Moody characterize most of the Olympia Interstade during local peat deposition in Cyperaceae and Myrica wetlands until about 26.7 14C ka BP under a cool and moist climate. A brief Pinus – Tsuga heterophylla zone at Lynn Valley 44–39 14C ka BP suggests a climatic optimum. A Poaceae–Artemisia assemblage and deposition of silty sand after 26.7 14C ka BP reflect cooling and drying after which a unique Lycopodium assemblage at Lynn Valley suggests cold arid climate and Fraser Glaciation onset. These sequences have no progression to vegetation typical of warm, interglacial, Holocene-like climates, indicating an interstadial not an interglacial interval. Correlation with vegetation changes elsewhere in western North America suggests that the Olympia Interstade started about ∼52 14C ka BP (∼57 cal ka BP) and ended about 26 14C ka BP (30 cal ka BP).

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‘Bond cycles’ recorded in terrestrial Pleistocene sediments of southwestern British Columbia, Canada

Cited by 24 publications

References 46 publications

Catastrophic ice shelf breakup as the source of Heinrich event icebergs

Catastrophic ice shelf breakup as the source of Heinrich event icebergs

Reconstruction of climate and ecology of Skagit Valley, Washington, from 27.7 to 19.8 ka based on plant and beetle macrofossils

Olympia Interstadial: vegetation, landscape history, and paleoclimatic implications of a mid-Wisconsinan (MIS3) nonglacial sequence from southwest British Columbia, Canada

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