‘Bond cycles’ recorded in terrestrial Pleistocene sediments of southwestern British Columbia, Canada

Reconstruction of climate and ecology of Skagit Valley, Washington, from 27.7 to 19.8 ka based on plant and beetle macrofossils

“…We considered abundance and diversity of all species to confirm PDF results of climate variability (Table 2). We compare our PDF results with regional pollen, ocean sediment cores, and glacial geology records to confirm the magnitude of climate changes and the timing of millennial-scale variability (Heusser, 1977;Barnosky, 1985;Clark and Bartlein, 1995;Hicock et al, 1999;Pisias et al, 2001;Thackray, 2001;Grigg and Whitlock, 2002;Jiménez-Moreno et al, 2010;Riedel et al, 2010; Fig. 2).…”

“…Regional alpine glacial advances in the Pacific Northwest and changes in sea-surface temperatures and pollen have been compared with the North Atlantic record of climate (Clark and Bartlein, 1995; Hicock et al, 1999; Hendy and Kennett, 2000; Pisias et al, 2001; Grigg and Whitlock, 2002; Jiménez-Moreno et al, 2010). Changes in oxygen isotope composition in Greenland ice cores provide a continuous, high-resolution record of millennial-scale oscillations in climate in the North Atlantic, known as Dansgaard–Oeschger (D-O) cycles (Dansgaard et al, 1993).…”

“…7). Regional alpine glacial advances in the Pacific Northwest broadly coincide with stades GS3 and GS2 (Hicock et al, 1999; Thackray, 2001; Riedel et al, 2010). The only Heinrich event that occurred during the period of the Skagit macrofossil record is H2 (26.5–24.3 cal ka BP).…”

New insights into the glacial and relative sea-level history of the western Fraser Lowland based on sediment cores from geotechnical drilling for the Evergreen Tunnel, British Columbia, Canada

“…Collectively, these studies show that the age range of the Laurentide Ice Sheet maximum corresponds to the end of the Coquitlam stade and the Port Moody interstade (Hicock et al, 1999), and its early recession corresponds with the Vashon stade. Support for the supposition of influence of waxing and waning of the southwestern Laurentide Ice Sheet on glacial events in the Salish Sea region is provided by Hicock et al (1982), who postulate that the full-bodied Laurentide Ice Sheet east of the Cordillera influenced atmospheric circulation in southwest British Columbia by diverting Pacific storm tracks away from the Coast Mountains, especially during winter, when snow critical for determining glacial mass balance was reduced.…”

Catastrophic ice shelf breakup as the source of Heinrich event icebergs

“…Also important is the recognition that Heinrich events correlate with ice sheet and mountain‐glacier maxima in North America, Europe and southern South America. For the southern margin of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, the Coguitlam Stade, dated between 21,300 ± 250 (GSC‐3305) and 18,700 ± 170 14 C years BP (GSC‐2344), corresponds to the time of H2, and the Vashon Stade, dated between 15,610 ± 130 (Beta‐11057) and 13,500 ± 220 14 C years BP (GSC‐3124) [ Hicock et al , 1999]. Moreover, the Vashon Stade reached its maximum extent between 14,450 ± 90 (CAM‐23160) and 13,700 ± 150 14 C years BP (QL‐4067 [ Porter and Swanson , 1998] coeval with a pulse of ice‐rafted debris in core PAR‐85‐01 from west of Vancouver Island which shows a marked increase sand grains after 15,280 ± 170 14 C years BP (RIDDL‐808) [ Blaise et al , 1990].…”