Bois noir phytoplasma variability in a Mediterranean vineyard system: new plant host and putative vectors

Oliveri, C.; Pacifico, Davide; D'Urso, Vera; Rosell, Rosa; Marzachı̀, Cristina; Tessitori, M.

doi:10.1007/s13313-014-0342-3

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These two patterns were identical to those previously reported for CaPsol tuf -type a and tuf -type b, respectively [ 3 ]. These results were consistent with previous findings of two tuf -types present in vineyards of northern [ 5 , 8 ], central [ 10 , 12 ], and southern [ 26 ] Italy. In the present work, CaPsol tuf -type a and tuf -type b were detected in 49.3% and 50.7% of the 142 symptomatic grapevine samples tested, respectively, but the two CaPsol tuf -types were differentially distributed ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Multilocus Genotyping Reveals New Molecular Markers for Differentiating Distinct Genetic Lineages among “Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani” Strains Associated with Grapevine Bois Noir

et al. 2020

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Grapevine Bois noir (BN) is associated with infection by “Candidatus Phytoplasma solani” (CaPsol). In this study, an array of CaPsol strains was identified from 142 symptomatic grapevines in vineyards of northern, central, and southern Italy and North Macedonia. Molecular typing of the CaPsol strains was carried out by analysis of genes encoding 16S rRNA and translation elongation factor EF-Tu, as well as eight other previously uncharacterized genomic fragments. Strains of tuf-type a and b were found to be differentially distributed in the examined geographic regions in correlation with the prevalence of nettle and bindweed. Two sequence variants were identified in each of the four genomic segments harboring hlyC, cbiQ-glyA, trxA-truB-rsuA, and rplS-tyrS-csdB, respectively. Fifteen CaPsol lineages were identified based on distinct combinations of sequence variations within these genetic loci. Each CaPsol lineage exhibited a unique collective restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern and differed from each other in geographic distribution, probably in relation to the diverse ecological complexity of vineyards and their surroundings. This RFLP-based typing method could be a useful tool for investigating the ecology of CaPsol and the epidemiology of its associated diseases. Phylogenetic analyses highlighted that the sequence variants of the gene hlyC, which encodes a hemolysin III-like protein, separated into two clusters consistent with the separation of two distinct lineages on the basis of tufB gene sequences. Alignments of deduced full protein sequences of elongation factor-Tu (tufB gene) and hemolysin III-like protein (hlyC gene) revealed the presence of critical amino acid substitutions distinguishing CaPsol strains of tuf-type a and b. Findings from the present study provide new insights into the genetic diversity and ecology of CaPsol populations in vineyards.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Multilocus Genotyping Reveals New Molecular Markers for Differentiating Distinct Genetic Lineages among “Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani” Strains Associated with Grapevine Bois Noir

et al. 2020

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“…On the other hand, Macrosteles quadripunculatus (Kirschbaum), Anaceratagallia ribauti Ossiannilsson, and Reptalus quinquecostatus (Dufour) were found able to transmit CaPsol in experimental conditions but no evidence of transmission of the pathogen to grapevine is available yet 10–12 . Furthermore, numerous CaPsol-harbouring planthopper (Cixiidae) and leafhopper (Cicadellidae) species were found within or around BN-affected vineyards 13,14 . Considering such evidences, the identification of which insect species can effectively transmit the phytoplasma to grapevine is of paramount importance to formulate effective control strategies to reduce the BN incidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and ecology of alternative insect vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ to grapevine

Quaglino

Sanna

Moussa

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Bois noir, a disease of the grapevine yellows complex, is associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ and transmitted to grapevines in open fields by the cixiids Hyalesthes obsoletus and Reptalus panzeri. In vine-growing areas where the population density of these vectors is low within the vineyard, the occurrence of bois noir implies the existence of alternative vectors. The aim of this study was to identify alternative vectors through screening of the Auchenorrhyncha community, phytoplasma typing by stamp gene sequence analyses, and transmission trials. During field activities, conducted in Northern Italy in a vineyard where the bois noir incidence was extremely high, nine potential alternative insect vectors were identified according to high abundance in the vineyard agro-ecosystem, high infection rate, and harbouring phytoplasma strains characterized by stamp gene sequence variants found also in symptomatic grapevines. Transmission trials coupled with molecular analyses showed that at least eight species (Aphrodes makarovi, Dicranotropis hamata, Dictyophara europaea, Euscelis incisus, Euscelidius variegatus, Laodelphax striatella, Philaenus spumarius, and Psammotettix alienus/confinis) are alternative vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ to grapevines. These novel findings highlight that bois noir epidemiology in vineyard agro-ecosystems is more complex than previously known, opening up new perspectives in the disease management.

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“…However, for tuf b, while field bindweed is the dominant reservoir plant, several other herbaceous plants that can be found in and around infected vineyards have been reported as being hosts for ‘ Ca. P. solani’, including Chenopodium album , Tussilago farfara and Malva sylvestris ; therefore, these might all have key roles in the spread of BN [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. The tuf b strain of ‘ Ca .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence Analysis of New Tuf Molecular Types of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani’ in Iranian Vineyards

et al. 2020

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Grapevine Bois noir (BN) is caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (‘Ca. P. solani’) and is one of the most important phytoplasma diseases in the Euro-Mediterranean viticultural areas. The epidemiology of BN can include grapevine as a plant host and is usually transmitted via sap-sucking insects that inhabit herbaceous host plants. Tracking the spread of ‘Ca. P. solani’ strains is of great help for the identification of plant reservoirs and insect vectors involved in local BN outbreaks. The molecular epidemiology of ‘Ca. P. solani’ is primarily based on sequence analysis of the tuf housekeeping gene (which encodes elongation factor Tu). In this study, molecular typing of tuf, through restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing, was carried out on grapevine samples from Iranian vineyards. According to the molecular characterization, three molecular types—tuf b1, tuf b5 and tuf b6—were found, with tuf b1 being the most prominent. These data provide further knowledge of tuf gene diversity and question the ecological role of such “minor” tuf types in Iranian vineyards, which have been detected only in grapevines.

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Bois noir phytoplasma variability in a Mediterranean vineyard system: new plant host and putative vectors

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Multilocus Genotyping Reveals New Molecular Markers for Differentiating Distinct Genetic Lineages among “Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani” Strains Associated with Grapevine Bois Noir

Multilocus Genotyping Reveals New Molecular Markers for Differentiating Distinct Genetic Lineages among “Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani” Strains Associated with Grapevine Bois Noir

Identification and ecology of alternative insect vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ to grapevine

Sequence Analysis of New Tuf Molecular Types of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani’ in Iranian Vineyards

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