Body Temperature Monitoring in the External Auditory Meatus

Considerations for the measurement of core, skin and mean body temperatures

“…Nevertheless, the auditory canal is influenced by variations in ambient temperature (Gibbons, 1967;Greenleaf and Castle, 1972;Morgans et al, 1981;Sharkey et al, 1987;Hansen et al, 1993;Coso et al, 2008;Nagano et al, 2010;Teunissen et al, 2011a) and wind (Teunissen et al, 2011a), producing a thermal gradient down the canal (Cooper et al, 1964). The cooler the air temperatures, the greater is the gradient, although it can be reversed.…”

Deep temperature monitoring using a zero-heat-flow method

“…Another disadvantage of measurement of rectal temperature with a thermistor is the risk especially in awake patients. Furthermore, these measurements can induce complications [8,15,16] and show errors [6,7,17,18]. Intravascular catheter thermometers are also not generally suitable, because of the invasive nature of their application.…”

Thermal and cardiovascular strain imposed by motorcycle protective clothing under Australian summer conditions

“…Earlier work by the same group established the phase delay between these two indirect indices to be about 90 s (Russell, 1999). However, it has also been established that the auditory canal reveals a thermal bias towards the prevailing ambient conditions (Gibbons, 1967;Greenleaf and Castle, 1972;Morgans et al, 1981), and it is slightly lower in normothermic states .…”