Deep temperature monitoring using a zero-heat-flow method

Ice slurry ingestion reduces both core and facial skin temperatures in a warm environment

“…However, it is difficult to non-invasively measure brain temperatures in humans, so we investigated whether facial skin temperature was reduced by ice slurry ingestion by measuring T head . The forehead region has been often used to estimate brain temperature with a zero-heat-flow method, and it has been reported that the forehead deep temperature showed almost the same value as the blood temperature in the jugular vein (Yamakage and Namiki, 2003). Moreover, it has been well documented that forehead cooling effectively results in brain temperature reductions (Mariak et al, 1999;Harris et al, 2007;Zenker and Kubik, 1996).…”

Considerations for the measurement of core, skin and mean body temperatures

“…Clinical techniques of this form were evaluated by several groups (Ball et al, 1973;Kobayashi et al, 1975;Singer and Lipton, 1975;Togwa et al, 1976 [Togawa]; Carter and Perry, 1977;Lees et al, 1980;Smith et al, 1980;Yamakage et al, 2002;Yamakage and Namiki, 2003;Kitamura et al, 2010;Teunissen et al, 2011b), usually under resting, thermoneutral conditions with minimal or no clothing over the measurement site. An extension of this approach, albeit it of questionable validity, used plastic-strip thermometers positioned over blood vessels and hotter skin surfaces (Lewit et al, 1982).…”

Robust estimation of body temperature based on clustering

“…With the simple structure and the ease of production, the method proposed in this paper is far more effective compared to the conventional body temperature estimation method in which a heater or the like is used and estimation is based on the heat flux from the skin to the ambient room [10]. In addition, the technique is important in an aging society because the body temperature and the blood pressure can be measured at the same time, reducing the burden of healthcare workers and eliminating the need for imposing a prolonged posture on the elderly.…”