Body Size Phenotypes and Inflammation in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study

Abstract

Individuals with “metabolically benign” obesity (obesity unaccompanied by hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes) are not at elevated 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease compared to normal weight individuals. It remains unclear whether these obese individuals or normal weight individuals with clustering of cardiometabolic factors display heightened immune activity. Therefore, we characterized levels of acute phase reactants (CRP, IL-6, TNF-alpha, white blood cell count), adhesion molecules (E-selectin, VCAM-1), and coagulation products (fibrinogen, PAI-1) among four body size phenotypes (normal weight with 0/1 vs. ≥2 metabolic syndrome components/diabetes and overweight/obesity with 0/1 vs. ≥2 metabolic syndrome components/diabetes) in cross-sectional analyses of 1,889 post-menopausal women from the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study nested case-control stroke study. Higher levels of all three inflammatory marker categories were found among women with overweight/obesity or ≥2 metabolic syndrome components or diabetes. Compared to normal weight women with 0 or 1 metabolic syndrome components, normal weight women with ≥2 metabolic syndrome components or diabetes were more likely to have ≥3 inflammatory markers in the top quartile (multivariate odds ratio [OR] 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3–3.0), as were overweight/obese women with 0 or 1 metabolic syndrome components (OR 2.3; 95% CI:1.5–3.5). Overweight/obese women with ≥2 metabolic syndrome components or diabetes had the highest odds ratio (OR 4.2; 95% CI: 2.9–5.9). Despite findings that metabolically benign obese individuals are not at increased 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease compared to normal weight individuals, the current results suggest that overweight/obese women without clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors still possess abnormal levels of inflammatory markers.

Increased Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Inflammation in Adipose Tissue in Obese Subjects Classified as Metabolically Healthy

“…Furthermore, fibrinogen concentrations in both cohorts and the leukocyte number, analyzed only in cohort 1, were elevated in both obese groups. Our results regarding inflammation are similar to those reported in previous studies (12,13,26,27,32,34) but contrast with others (8,24,26,35,36). The younger age of the MHO subjects in most of the latter studies may explain this discrepancy.…”

Estilo De Vida E Condição Metabólica De Mulheres Diabéticas E/Ou Hipertensas De Uma Região Urbana

“…Embora a obesidade abdominal e o IMC continuem sendo importantes ferramentas clínicas para a identificação de indivíduos susceptíveis de possuir anormalidades metabólicas, a SM e o DM são considerados os indicadores mais importantes para o prognóstico de risco de DCV 44 . Vale ressaltar que, por se tratar de um estudo transversal, não foi possível estabelecer, de forma robusta, as relações diretas de causalidade entre as variáveis estudadas.…”

Obesity as a Risk Factor for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases

“…Прибли-зительно 10-25% лиц с ожирением, а также внушитель-ная часть пациентов с морбидным ожирением демон-стрируют отсутствие нарушений углеводного обмена и обмена липидов [26,27]. Такой фенотип можно отне-сти к группе "метаболически здорового" ожирения.…”