Body shape and pants size as surrogate measures of obesity among males in epidemiologic studies

Abstract

Highlights Alternative anthropometric indicators reflect overall and abdominal obesity in males. Abdominal obesity is predicted using age, pants size, Stunkard’s silhouette & weight. Stunkard’s silhouette scale reflects well body mass index recently and in the past.

The effects of weight change from childhood to adulthood on depression and anxiety risk in adulthood: A systematic review

“…On a related note, we included studies which used subjective measures of weight status, such as self-reported weight and height or recalled body shape. Although validation studies have proved these measures to be useful surrogates of measured weight and height, [61][62][63] it is important to acknowledge that perceived weight status has been identified as a stronger risk factor for depression than actual weight status. 64 Moreover, we included studies which measured depression via self-reported doctor diagnosis.…”

Fat–fat-free index in body mass assessment in young people

“…Changes in fat mass requirements depend on age and sex and are related to fat mass function ( Forbes, 1999 ; Guo et al, 1999 ; Hughes et al, 2001 ; Bergman et al, 2011 ; Kuen-Chang et al, 2011 ; Mialich et al, 2014 ; Gryko et al, 2019 ). As the BMI classification used to date does not take into account differences in sex, age, and body composition, researchers are attempting to use other methods based on anthropometric measurements (Sheldon typology and Stunkard figure rating scale), skinfolds (Szczawińska MT index), circumferential measurements, or using BAI or combined Mialich BMI fat methods ( Heath and Carter, 1967 ; Slaughter et al, 1988 ; Bergman et al, 2011 ; Mialich et al, 2011 ; Burdukiewicz et al, 2015 ; Chwałczyńska, 2017 ; Lønnebotn et al, 2018 ; Gryko et al, 2019 ; Karpik et al, 2020 ; Vallieres et al, 2020 ; Chwałczyńska and Andrzejewski, 2021 ). However, all of these indices require a combination of at least two measurement methods, including peripheral skinfold measurements, which require considerable skill and precision of measurement, as well as equipment, and cannot be used in primary care because the primary care physician or nurse does not have enough time during the visit to take such measurements, and very often the skills.…”