Body Image Disorders and Abuse of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Among Men

Pope, Harrison G.; Khalsa, Jag H.; Bhasin, Shalender

doi:10.1001/jama.2016.17441

Cited by 129 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As a clinical definition MD is a subcategory of body dysmorphic disorder, although focused on dissatisfaction with muscularity, rather than overall body image (Leone, Sedory, & Gray, 2005). Individual sufferers often make potentially harmful behavioural choices in an attempt to reduce symptoms, such as excessive physical exercise, extreme diet practices, potentially harmful supplement intake, and the use of AASs, whilst also socially excluding themselves (Pope et al, 2005;Pope, Khalsa & Bhasin, 2016). It has been identified that over 100,000 individuals could meet the diagnostic criteria for MD in the US general population, with its expression also extending to child and adolescent experimental samples (Pope, Phillips, & Olivardia, 2000;Cohane & Pope, 2001;Ricciardelli & Williams, 2016).…”

Section: Muscle Dysmorphia and Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Intrasexual competition as a potential influence on anabolic-androgenic steroid use initiation

2017

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An estimated 293,000 people living in the UK have used Anabolic-androgenic steroids.However, there is currently no intervention to reduce usage available in practice, or academic circulation throughout the UK. This study aimed to test a novel hypothesis that increased levels of intrasexual competition may play an important influential role in the use of AASs.Significantly higher levels of intrasexual competition were evident in users compared to nonusers but only in the novice group (0-2 years' experience). The research provides evidence for intrasexual competition potentially influencing AAS use but only during the initial stages of usage.

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Section: Muscle Dysmorphia and Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Intrasexual competition as a potential influence on anabolic-androgenic steroid use initiation

2017

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“…The idealized male body image has become increasingly muscular, as reflected by popular media, advertising, and action figures (Pope, Olivardia, Gruber, & Borowiecki, ; Pope, Khalsa, & Bhasin, ). In concert, body dissatisfaction among adolescent males has increased, and 9% of adolescent males report high concerns with muscularity (Field et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The idealized male body image has become increasingly muscular, as reflected by popular media, advertising, and action figures (Pope, Olivardia, Gruber, & Borowiecki, 1999;Pope, Khalsa, & Bhasin, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors in U.S. young adults: A prospective cohort study

Nagata

Murray

Bibbins‐Domingo

et al. 2019

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective To determine adolescent predictors of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors in young men and women using a nationally representative longitudinal sample in the United States and to examine differences by sex. Method We used nationally representative longitudinal cohort data collected from baseline (11–18 years old, 1994–1995) and 7‐year follow‐up (18–24 years old, 2001–2002) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We examined adolescent demographic, behavioral, and mental health predictors of young adult muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors defined as eating more or differently to gain weight or bulk up, supplements to gain weight or bulk up, or androgenic anabolic steroid use at 7‐year follow‐up. Results Of the 14,891 included participants, 22% of males and 5% of females reported any muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behavior at follow‐up in young adulthood. Factors recorded at adolescence that were prospectively associated with higher odds of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in both sexes included black race, exercising to gain weight, self‐perception of being underweight, and lower body mass index z‐score. In addition, participation in weightlifting; roller‐blading, roller‐skating, skate‐boarding, or bicycling; and alcohol among males and depressive symptoms among females during adolescence were associated with higher odds of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in young adulthood. Conclusions Interventions to prevent muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors may target at‐risk youth, particularly those of black race or who engage in exercise to gain weight. Future research should examine longitudinal health outcomes associated with muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors.

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“…The use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) among physical activity practitioners has increased in the last years, and it is associated with body image disorders and clinical complications, including kidney disease (1)(2)(3). In Brazil, the estimated prevalence of AAS use among recreational physical activity practitioners varies from 2.1% to 31.6% (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Kidney Injury Biomarkers Among Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Users - Evidence of Subclinical Kidney Disease

et al. 2018

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Body Image Disorders and Abuse of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Among Men

Cited by 129 publications

References 10 publications

Intrasexual competition as a potential influence on anabolic-androgenic steroid use initiation

Intrasexual competition as a potential influence on anabolic-androgenic steroid use initiation

Predictors of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors in U.S. young adults: A prospective cohort study

Novel Kidney Injury Biomarkers Among Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Users - Evidence of Subclinical Kidney Disease

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