Body-composition assessment by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in subjects aged 4-26 y

Ogle, Graham D; Allen, Jim; Humphries, Ian R. J.; Lu, P W; Briody, Julie; Morley, K.; Howman‐Giles, Robert; Cowell, Chris

doi:10.1093/ajcn/61.4.746

Cited by 192 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…39,[42][43][44] In our study, girls had higher trunk/legs FM ratios than boys both before (1.1470.21 vs 1.0270.16, Po0.05) and after weight loss (0.8970.24 vs 0.6870.17, Po0.05). Ogle et al 45 reported that in lean boys, trunk/legs FM ratio becomes higher than in girls in postpubertal stages. In our study, either before or after weight loss, legs and trunk FM/ LM ratios are both lower in boys than in girls (Po0.01), but while the proportion falls to 22% in the trunk, it remains as high as 45% in the legs, explaining this apparently inverse trend in boys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a multidisciplinary weight loss intervention on body composition in obese adolescents

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate if a multidisciplinary weight loss program in adolescents suffering severe obesity allows adequate growth and development and avoid lean mass loss. DESIGN: A total of 55 adolescents (33 girls and 22 boys) suffering severe obesity were enrolled in an interdisciplinary weight reduction program lasting 6-12 months. Progressive submaximal physical activity was performed and national dietary allowances for adolescents with low levels of physical activity energy were provided. MEASUREMENTS: Total and segmental body composition was assessed by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The mean height significantly increased (Po0.001). The mean body mass index (BMI) dropped in boys from 34.573.2 to 25.572.3 kg/m 2 and in girls from 38.474.1 to 28.474.1 kg/m 2 . Height increased according to the expected pattern (Po0.001). Total lean mass (LM) did not vary and was positively correlated to pubertal development in both sexes before and after weight loss. Steepest drop in fat mass (FM) was observed in the trunk (À63.2710.1% in boys and -51.5711.4% in girls). Decrease in BMI and FM was tightly correlated in both sexes. However, slopes significantly differed (Po0.0005) so that a decrease of 1 kg/m 2 in BMI corresponded to a decrease of 3.92 kg in FM in girls and of 5.44 kg in boys. In each sex, FM at baseline and duration of the treatment were the main determinants of the decrease in FM. CONCLUSION: During adolescence, despite a major weight loss, adequate growth and preservation of LM can be achieved. Weight loss kinetics markedly differs between boys and girls. Low-calorie diets are unnecessary to achieve a marked reduction of severe obesity during puberty. International Journal of Obesity (2004) 28, 290-299. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802542Keywords: adolescents; diet; exercise; body composition IntroductionThe steep increase of obesity in children and adolescents is partly due to major changes in lifestyle in all industrialized countries. In France, the prevalence of obesity has doubled every 15 y since 1970 and reached 16% in 2000. 1 It has been extensively demonstrated that low physical activity levels are a cause and a consequence of overweight. 2 Obese children tend to remain obese in adulthood. 3 Many severe complications of adult obesity are embedded in childhood and adolescence. 4 So strategies are needed to prevent and to treat childhood obesity. 2,5 The treatment of obese children and adolescent should aim at decreasing fat mass (FM), avoiding loss of lean body mass, ensuring adequate growth and development and preventing cyclic weight regain. 2,6 Improving well-being is a second major aspect since psychological disturbances and social distress tend to be early features of obesity in the young. As such a multidisciplinary approach proves to be difficult to reach in the usual environment, in-patient units have been designed to help adolescents suffering the most severe forms of obesity. 7,8 Managing weight loss in obese adolescents actually requires paying special attention to potential...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a multidisciplinary weight loss intervention on body composition in obese adolescents

et al. 2004

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“…Some investigators observed no gender-related differences in body composition (Rico et al, 1993;Cowell et al, 1997). Others reported that girls had more fat and similar muscle mass (Ogle et al, 1995;Molgaard and Fleischer Michaelen, 1998;Johnson et al, 2001). Still others suggested that, compared with boys, girls had more fat but less muscle (Nagy et al, 1997;Taylor et al, 1997;Lindsay et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of patterns of change in total and regional body fat mass in healthy Spanish subjects using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

2007

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Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the evolution of total and regional fat mass according to gender, and to establish age and gender-related differences in a largely non-obese sedentary Spanish sample population using dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Subject/Methods: A total of 1113 healthy subjects (397 male and 716 female) from the city of Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain, were used in the study. Fat mass measures were obtained from DXA scans of all subjects. Total body fat and body fat in three subregions (trunk, arms and legs) were evaluated. Results: As opposed to males, females showed from early infancy a smaller rate of muscular mass and a larger percentage of body fat (from 10 years of age), with fat deposits being basically gynoid or peripheral. With age, females showed a greater increase in fat mass together with an accelerated loss of muscular mass. Both rates tended to level out between 51 and 65 years of age. Between the ages of 40 and 60, females exhibited significant morphological evidence of larger fat depots in their legs. Conclusions: Gender differences in the patterns of proportion and distribution of body fat, as well as in the pattern of body fat evolution, were found from early infancy. Further research is required, including assessing fat mass variables in order to unravel the dynamic of body composition and to understand the complex relationship between trunk fat mass deposits and the health risks associated with obesity.

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“…6,7 Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) has been recently validated as an efficient tool to assess the total and regional body composition in vivo, 11 in adults 12 and in children. 13,14 Adolescence is a key period in life for major physical aptitudes (both anaerobic and aerobic parameters) development and this is different between boys and girls. 7,15 Increase of anaerobic and aerobic functional capacities are higher in boys than in girls, in fact there is higher amount of skeletal muscle mass in boys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a multidisciplinary weight loss intervention on anaerobic and aerobic aptitudes in severely obese adolescents

Frelut

Peres

et al. 2004

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate if a multidisciplinary weight loss programme in adolescents suffering severe obesity allows an improvement of anaerobic and aerobic aptitudes. DESIGN: In all, 55 adolescents (33 girls and 22 boys) suffering from severe obesity were enrolled in an interdisciplinary weight reduction programme lasting 6-12 months. Progressive submaximal physical activity was performed and national dietary allowances for adolescents with low levels of physical activity were provided. MEASUREMENTS: Total and regional body composition and anaerobic aptitudes (handgrip strength (HGS), vertical jump height (VJH)) and aerobic aptitudes (maximal aerobic power (MAP), maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max )) were measured before and after weight loss. RESULTS: The mean reduction of body mass index (BMI) was similar in girls (21.475.9%) and boys (23.776.4%). Fat mass (FM) steepest drop was observed in the trunk (À63.2710.1% in boys and À51.5711.4% in girls). The total lean mass (LM) did not vary in both sexes. Right HGS and VJH increased in both sexes (Po0.05), whereas left HGS increased only in boys. MAP and VO 2max per kg BW increased (Po 0.0001) in both sexes (2.370.3 vs 1.770.3 W/kg and 32.874.5 vs 26.774.1 ml/min/kg in girls and 2.871.9 vs 1.970.4 W/kg and 39.176.3 vs 27.975.1 ml/min/kg in boys, respectively), whereas MAP and VO 2max in absolute value and per kg LM increased only in boys (P ¼ 0.04). Total LM was the strongest determinant of HGS, VJH, MAP and VO 2max in both sexes (Po0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Multidisciplinary weight reduction programme including moderate dietary restriction in combination with regular physical training induced an improvement of anaerobic and aerobic aptitudes, a marked reduction of obesity and a preservation of LM in severely obese adolescents.

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Body-composition assessment by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in subjects aged 4-26 y

Cited by 192 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of a multidisciplinary weight loss intervention on body composition in obese adolescents

Effects of a multidisciplinary weight loss intervention on body composition in obese adolescents

An evaluation of patterns of change in total and regional body fat mass in healthy Spanish subjects using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Effects of a multidisciplinary weight loss intervention on anaerobic and aerobic aptitudes in severely obese adolescents

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