Body composition, age and femoral bone mass of young adult women

Sowers, MaryFran; Kshirsagar, A. M.; Crutchfield, Mary; Updike, Sharon

doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90003-u

Cited by 48 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In general, this spectrum of determinants of BUA and SOS and the magnitude of the associations parallel risk factors for BMD in this and previous studies [22,[32][33][34][35]. The primary exception to this was body composition factors, including lean mass, height, weight and BMI, which were more strongly related to BMD than to either QUS parameter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The primary exception to this was body composition factors, including lean mass, height, weight and BMI, which were more strongly related to BMD than to either QUS parameter. Body weight and lean body mass are wellestablished predictors of BMD [32][33][34][35]. Our finding may be an indication that body mass, or accompanying mechanical stresses or hormonal factors, influence bone mass more than do the architectural characteristics of bone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

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Correlates of Quantitative Ultrasound in the Women's Healthy Lifestyle Project

Gregg

Kriska

Salamone

et al. 1999

Osteoporosis International

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Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) assessment of bone is a strong predictor of hip fractures and is currently an FDA-approved tool to identify women at risk of osteoporosis. However, few studies have investigated the lifestyle and genetic correlates of QUS in women. This study investigated the cross-sectional associates of several lifestyle, demographic and genetic factors with calcaneal QUS parameters (broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS)) in 393 women aged 45-53 years. Leisure-time and historical physical activity, dietary calcium and protein, body composition, vitamin D receptor genotypes, menopause status, other health behaviors, calcaneal QUS parameters and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed at a single clinic visit. Lean mass, recent physical activity and African-American race were the strongest correlates of SOS whereas dietary protein, calcium and recent physical activity were the strongest correlates of BUA. These predictors explained 13% and 6% of the variance in SOS and BUA, respectively. Smoking, alcohol intake, education, hormone replacement therapy, calcium and vitamin D supplements, historical physical activity and vitamin D receptor genotypes were not significantly associated with BUA or SOS. Lean body mass and premenopausal status were the strongest correlates of lumbar BMD whereas lean body mass, physical activity, African-American race and body mass index were significantly related to femoral neck BMD. Physical activity remained predictive of SOS after controlling for lumbar BMD. The spectrum and magnitude of risk factors for SOS and BUA, including lean body mass, physical activity, race, protein and calcium intake, parallel previously observed predictors of BMD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Correlates of Quantitative Ultrasound in the Women's Healthy Lifestyle Project

Gregg

Kriska

Salamone

et al. 1999

Osteoporosis International

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“…Nonparametric analyses of the sibpair data have revealed several regions with evidence of linkage to aspects of calcium metabolism that predict forearm BMD in Chinese populations of Anqing. Genes controlling for BMI may also be involved in BMD regulation and in the determination of the risk of osteoporotic fractures (Willing et al 1997), since BMI is significantly correlated with the achievement of peak BMD values (Sowers et al 1991). As a result, controlling for the effect of BMI on BMD can constitute an overadjustment in elucidating the genetic factors underlying BMD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A genome-wide scan for loci linked to forearm bone mineral density

Niu¹,

Chen²,

Cordell

et al. 1999

Human Genetics

126

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Osteoporosis is a chronic disorder characterized by low bone mass and fragility fractures. It affects more than 25 million men and women in the United States alone. Although several candidate genes, such as the vitamin-D-receptor gene or the estrogen-receptor gene, have been suggested in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, the genetic dissection of this disorder remains a daunting task. To search systematically for chromosomal regions containing genes that regulate bone mineral density (BMD), we scanned the entire autosomal genome by using 367 polymorphic markers among 218 individuals (153 sibpairs) from 96 nuclear families collected from three townships of Anqing, China. In these 96 families, DNA samples from both parents were available for 82 (85.4%) families. By using age- and gender-adjusted forearm BMD measurements, a peak on chromosome 2 near D2S2141, D2S1400, and D2S405, a region previously linked to spinal BMD, showed evidence of linkage to both proximal and distal forearm BMD (multipoint LOD=2.15 and 2.14 for proximal and distal forearm BMD, respectively). One region on chromosome 13 (multipoint LOD=1.67) in the proximity of D13S788 and D13S800 showed evidence of linkage to distal forearm BMD only. Possible candidate genes included CALM2 (calmodulin 2) at 2p21.3-p21.1, a putative STK (serine/threonine kinase) at 2p23-24, POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin) at 2p23.3, and COL4A1 and COL4A2 (collagen IV alpha-1 and alpha-2 subunits) at 13q34. Because of the limited sample size, the suggestive evidence of linkage of this study should be considered as tentative and needs to be replicated in other larger populations.

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“…The decreased weight results in a decreased mechanical load on the skeleton, and the decreased fat content results in a decreased periferal production of estrogen, which may both (hypothetically) influence the BMD in a catabolic way (Sowers et al 1991b, Lindsay et al 1992). The negative effects on BMD are further accentuated if breast feeding is started.…”

Section: Changes In Factors That Can Influence Bmd During Lactationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Maternity and bone mineral density

2005

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During pregnancy and lactation, changes occur in a variety of factors which have great potential to influence bone mineral density (BMD). Smoking habits, the level of alcohol consumption, the level of physical activity, body weight, soft tissue composition and hormone levels are all factors that change during the course of these conditions. Some of these factors are capable of increasing BMD, and some can reduce it. Due to these various changes, it is virtually impossible to predict the development in BMD that will occur during a pregnancy and lactation. However, longitudinal studies have suggested that both pregnancy and lactation are associated with a BMD loss of up to 5%, albeit that the BMD recovers after weaning. Cross-sectional studies have indicated that women with many children and a long total period of lactation have similar or higher BMD and similar or lower fracture risk than their peers who have not given birth. As the studies showing this trend have been observational and cross sectional case-control studies, the conclusions can only be regarded as being suggestive, and no causality can be proven.

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Body composition, age and femoral bone mass of young adult women

Cited by 48 publications

References 56 publications

Correlates of Quantitative Ultrasound in the Women's Healthy Lifestyle Project

Correlates of Quantitative Ultrasound in the Women's Healthy Lifestyle Project

A genome-wide scan for loci linked to forearm bone mineral density

Maternity and bone mineral density

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