Maternity and bone mineral density

Abstract

During pregnancy and lactation, changes occur in a variety of factors which have great potential to influence bone mineral density (BMD). Smoking habits, the level of alcohol consumption, the level of physical activity, body weight, soft tissue composition and hormone levels are all factors that change during the course of these conditions. Some of these factors are capable of increasing BMD, and some can reduce it. Due to these various changes, it is virtually impossible to predict the development in BMD that will occur during a pregnancy and lactation. However, longitudinal studies have suggested that both pregnancy and lactation are associated with a BMD loss of up to 5%, albeit that the BMD recovers after weaning. Cross-sectional studies have indicated that women with many children and a long total period of lactation have similar or higher BMD and similar or lower fracture risk than their peers who have not given birth. As the studies showing this trend have been observational and cross sectional case-control studies, the conclusions can only be regarded as being suggestive, and no causality can be proven.

Fractura Subcapital De Fémur Secundaria a Osteoporosis Idiopática en El Embarazo: A Propósito De Un Caso

“…De hecho, el 60-80% del valor de la DMO está determinado por factores genéticos, existiendo una predisposición genética a tener valores altos o bajos de densidad ósea (5).…”

“…Durante le embarazo, se produce un descenso fisiológico del mismo y, en ocasiones, se ha visto que podría ser de beneficio su suplementación, aunque ésta no tiene efectos en los niveles de la DMO (2). Asimismo, los estrógenos son los más importantes reguladores del metabolismo óseo durante el embarazo, produciéndose un hipotético descenso de la DMO por los mismos en el tercer trimestre (5). No obstante, en nuestro caso todos los niveles hormonales se mantuvieron dentro de cifras normales para el puerperio.…”

Treatment of premenopausal women with low bone mineral density

“…Small decreases in bone density are expected during pregnancy, and lactation is associated with rapid bone loss of 3% to 10% over 3 to 6 months, with recovery of bone mass during and after weaning [22,23]. Interpretation of BMD in premenopausal women must always take the timing of recent pregnancy and lactation into account.…”

The contribution of polymorphism in VDR gene FОKI in the development of osteopenia in pregnancy

“…Сами по себе беременность и лактация в настоящее время не рассматриваются в качестве факторов риска развития постменопаузального остеопороза [3,4]. Тем не менее имеются данные об изменениях архитектоники костной ткани при беременности, обусловленных усилением остео-резорбции и замедлением остеообразования для обеспечения потребностей развивающегося плода в кальции [5,6].…”