[Bmim]BF4 ionic liquid: a novel reaction medium for the synthesis of β-amino alcohols

Silica Perchloric Acid Matrix Supported Ring Opening of Epoxide Under Microwave Radiation†

“…Thus, aromatic amines react selectively at the benzylic carbon of the styrene oxide with anti-Markovnikov addition due to less nucleophilicity. The carbocationic character at the benzylic position of the epoxide ring is demonstrated that an increase in polarity of the reaction medium by the use of fluoro alcohols 35 and ionic liquids 10 leads to selective nucleophilic attack in the absence of metal catalyst.…”

“…They have been widely used as β-blockers, insecticidal agents and chiral auxiliaries 10 . The most frequently used method for the preparation of β-amino alcohols is the aminolysis of epoxides which is carried out in excess of amines at high temperatures.…”

Highly Effective Opening of Epoxides with Aromatic Amines in Presence of β-Cyclodextrin in Water

“…These reactions are accompanied by poor regioselectivity and long reaction time. To avoid these drawbacks, other methods were reported recently, which involved the use of metal amides [5][6][7], metal triflates [8][9][10], metal halides [11][12][13][14], organobismuth triflate complex [15], copper(II) tetrafluoroborate [16], ionic liquid [17], phosphomolybdic acid-Al 2 O 3 [18], thiourea [19] and Hβ zeolite [20]. However, most of these methods involve the use of expensive reagents, air-and/or moisture-sensitive catalysts, hazardous organic solvents and suffering from poor regioselectivity.…”

Highly Efficient Microwave-assisted Aminolysis of Epoxides in Water

“…2 Since poor control of regioselectivity or some functional groups may be susceptible to high temperature, a variety of metallic catalysts and nonmetallic catalyst [25][26][27][28][29] have been introduced for the cleavage of epoxides in recent years. Recent method without using catalyst in water for long reaction time has been reported.…”