Bluetongue virus serotype 6 in Europe in 2008—Emergence and disappearance of an unexpected non-virulent BTV

Rijn, Piet A. van; Geurts, Yvon; Spek, Arco N. van der; Veldman, Daniel; Gennip, René G. P. van

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.01.022

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Clinical surveillance based on the Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) score (17) and measurements of rectal temperature were conducted daily from 4 days before the first vaccination (V1) until the end of the challenge experiment (day 63). A rectal temperature of an individual animal that was more than 1 degree (°C) higher than the average rectal temperature during the 3 days before challenge was considered to represent the presence of fever.…”

Section: Cells and Viruses Bsr Cells (Bhk-21 Subclone)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fever was defined as the average temperature plus 2 times the standard deviation. Clinical signs were daily recorded according to the clinical score by clinical surveillance based on the CVI score table for BTV-8 animal trials (17). Samples of EDTA blood and serum were frequently collected until the end of the experiment.…”

Section: Cells and Viruses Bsr Cells (Bhk-21 Subclone)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Generation of Replication-Deficient Monovalent and Multivalent Vaccines for Bluetongue Virus: Protection against Virulent Virus Challenge in Cattle and Sheep

Celma

Boyce²,

Rijn

et al. 2013

J Virol

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Since 1998, 9 of the 26 serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV) have spread throughout Europe, and serotype 8 has suddenly emerged in northern Europe, causing considerable economic losses, direct (mortality and morbidity) but also indirect, due to restriction in animal movements. Therefore, many new types of vaccines, particularly subunit vaccines, with improved safety and efficacy for a broad range of BTV serotypes are currently being developed by different laboratories. Here we exploited a reverse genetics-based replication-deficient BTV serotype 1 (BTV-1) (disabled infectious single cycle [DISC]) strain to generate a series of DISC vaccine strains. Cattle and sheep were vaccinated with these viruses either singly or in cocktail form as a multivalent vaccine candidate. All vaccinated animals were seroconverted and developed neutralizing antibody responses to their respective serotypes. After challenge with the virulent strains at 21 days postvaccination, vaccinated animals showed neither any clinical reaction nor viremia. Further, there was no interference with protection with a multivalent preparation of six distinct DISC viruses. These data indicate that a very-rapid-response vaccine could be developed based on which serotypes are circulating in the population at the time of an outbreak. V accination is one of the most effective approaches for controlling infectious viral diseases known to date. Extensive knowledge of the basic biology of viruses at the molecular level coupled with recent technology developments has resulted in a number of newly designed vaccines for both human and animal viral diseases. However, the generation of effective vaccines for viruses with multiple distinct serotypes remains laborious and highly challenging. The insect-borne bluetongue virus (BTV) consists of 26 serologically distinct viral serotypes (1). BTV is the causative agent of bluetongue (BT) disease of ruminants (sheep, goats, and cattle), with sheep being the most susceptible host with the highest mortality rate. BTV is endemic in both tropical and subtropical countries of the world, and it was considered exotic in Europe prior to 1998. However, several outbreaks in Europe of a number of BTV serotypes, which caused significant losses in European livestock and agriculture, have since been reported.BTV belongs to the Orbivirus genus in the Reoviridae family, and like other members of the family, BTV is a nonenveloped icosahedral particle. BTV possesses a complex double-capsid structure consisting of seven structural proteins (VP1 to VP7) and a genome of 10 double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments. The outer capsid is made up of two major proteins, the larger ϳ110-kDa VP2 protein and the 60-kDa VP5 protein. VP2 is a highly variable, serotype-determining protein, and it binds to the cellular receptor. VP5 is less variable and is a membrane penetration protein. These two proteins loosely interact with each other, and both are directly attached to the surface layer of the inner capsid (termed the core), which consists of the remaining ...

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Section: Cells and Viruses Bsr Cells (Bhk-21 Subclone)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cells and Viruses Bsr Cells (Bhk-21 Subclone)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Generation of Replication-Deficient Monovalent and Multivalent Vaccines for Bluetongue Virus: Protection against Virulent Virus Challenge in Cattle and Sheep

Celma

Boyce²,

Rijn

et al. 2013

J Virol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Abortions and stillbirths have also been reported as well as lower milk production after vaccination with MLVs. Officially, MLVs for other serotypes were never used in Europe but have been detected, and are likely introduced via unknown introduction routes (De Clercq et al, 2009;van Rijn et al, 2012). In several parts of the world, such as the USA, Turkey, Africa, and India, MLVs are still used to protect the ruminant population against BT (Bhanuprakash et al, 2009;McVey & MacLachlan, 2015).…”

Section: Modified-live Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The titer of DISA vaccine virus is, however, slightly lower, which would increase the costs for production. DISA vaccines are based on the backbone of BTV6/net08, a well-known BTV strain related to MLV for serotype 6 (Maan et al, 2010;van Rijn et al, 2012). Further, it contains a deletion in Seg-10 abolishing NS3/ NS3a expression (Feenstra et al, 2014c).…”

Section: Disabled Infectious Single-animal (Disa) Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reversion to virulence of DISA vaccine by restoring of NS3/NS3a expression through small mutations during genetic drift is excluded by this significant deletion in Seg-10. Regarding reassortment between DISA vaccine and field virus, the BTV6 vaccine backbone with wild type Seg-10 is still non-pathogenic (van Rijn et al, 2012). Therefore, genetic shifting by Seg-10 exchange through reassortment is of no risk.…”

Section: Disabled Infectious Single-animal (Disa) Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

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