Blue Halide Perovskite Materials: Preparation, Progress, and Challenges

Abstract

Halide perovskite materials are emerging as a new promising semiconductor display material owing to their excellent optical and electrical properties. Highly efficient blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are the basis for full-color displays and solid-state lighting applications, but their efficiency and stability still lag far behind the red and green analogs. This review focuses on the key effect factors and novel strategies for blue emission PeLEDs. In detail, first effective strategies to obtain blue emission perovskite are discussed, and then the recent progress and strategies in blue emission PeLEDs, including the physical properties and significant improvements based on different structural perovskite materials are systematically elucidated. Finally, the main challenges relating to efficiency, stability, lead toxicity, and fabrication techniques in blue emission PeLEDs are summarized, and the promising research avenues in the future are discussed.

Improving anion-exchange efficiency and spectrum stability of perovskite quantum dots via an Al3+ bonding-doping synergistic effect

“…Therefore, most research still focuses on reducing the anion exchange-induced instability of perovskite QDs, especially the spectral shift and performance degradation of QDs and LEDs. 25 However, the influence of the exchange efficiency on stability is rarely mentioned. Research into the promotion of the efficiency of anion exchange by chemical synthesis, especially by cation doping, lags behind.…”

Effect of the hole transport layer on the performance of sky-blue Dion–Jacobson perovskite light-emitting diodes

“…Metal halide perovskites hold great potential for light-emitting diode (LED) applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] due to their exceptional properties, such as tunable emission, high luminescence efficiency, low cost, and simple processes for large-area device fabrication. [1][2][3][4][5] While high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) approaching or even exceeding 25% have been achieved for perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) in green and red spectral regions, 8,10,11 the efficiency of blue PeLEDs is still lagging behind. [5][6][7][8][9]11,12 In addition, the blue PeLEDs also commonly suffer from instability issues, such as short lifetime and spectral instability, i.e.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] While high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) approaching or even exceeding 25% have been achieved for perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) in green and red spectral regions, 8,10,11 the efficiency of blue PeLEDs is still lagging behind. [5][6][7][8][9]11,12 In addition, the blue PeLEDs also commonly suffer from instability issues, such as short lifetime and spectral instability, i.e. shift of the emission wavelength over time.…”

“…[11][12][13][14] Compared to green and red-emitting PeLEDs, perovskite blue emitters have a higher concentration of defects due to their wider bandgap, which also results in unfavorable energy level alignment in devices for efficient carrier injection. 11 The unbalanced charge injection, combined with a higher concentration of nonradiative defects, leads to low efficiency, charge accumulation, and short device lifetime in blue PeLEDs. 11 In addition, the use of mixed Br/Cl halides can lead to phase separation during operation and a red shift of the emission wavelength.…”

Trifunctional Trichloroacetic Acid Incorporated Mixed-Halide Perovskites for Spectrally Stable Blue Light-Emitting Diodes

“…Metal halide perovskites have won great recognition in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), owning to their fascinating optical and electronic properties, such as easily tunable bandgap, high charge mobility, low exciton binding energy, high defect tolerance, and low-cost solution processability. − Since the first perovskite LED (PeLED) was fabricated in 2014, external quantum efficiency (EQE) has exceeded 20% for green, − red, − and near-infrared , PeLEDs respectively, enabling them to be competitive with prevalent organic and quantum-dot LEDs . In contrast, the development of blue PeLEDs is facing a bottleneck in improving the device efficiency and stability. − …”