Blood, Urine, and Sweat (BUS) Study: Monitoring and Elimination of Bioaccumulated Toxic Elements

Genuis, Stephen J.; Birkholz, Detlef; Rodushkin, Ilia; Beesoon, Sanjay

doi:10.1007/s00244-010-9611-5

Cited by 100 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Data for this investigation are derived from the Blood, Urine, and Sweat (BUS) study. Other findings from this study have been published elsewhere [27–30]. …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Human Excretion of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Flame Retardants: Blood, Urine, and Sweat Study

Genuis¹,

Birkholz

Genuis

2017

BioMed Research International

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Commonly used as flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are routinely detected in the environment, animals, and humans. Although these persistent organic pollutants are increasingly recognized as having serious health implications, particularly for children, this is the first study, to our knowledge, to investigate an intervention for human elimination of bioaccumulated PBDEs. Objectives. To determine the efficacy of blood, urine, and perspiration as PBDE biomonitoring mediums; assess excretion of five common PBDE congeners (28, 47, 99, 100, and 153) in urine and perspiration; and explore the potential of induced sweating for decreasing bioaccumulated PBDEs. Results. PBDE congeners were not found in urine samples; findings focus on blood and perspiration. 80% of participants tested positive in one or more body fluids for PBDE 28, 100% for PBDE 47, 95% for PBDE 99, and 90% for PBDE 100 and PBDE 153. Induced perspiration facilitated excretion of the five congeners, with different rates of excretion for different congeners. Conclusion. Blood testing provides only a partial understanding of human PBDE bioaccumulation; testing of both blood and perspiration provides a better understanding. This study provides important baseline evidence for regular induced perspiration as a potential means for therapeutic PBDE elimination. Fetotoxic and reproductive effects of PBDE exposure highlight the importance of further detoxification research.

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“…Data for this investigation are derived from the Blood, Urine, and Sweat (BUS) study. Other findings from this study have been published elsewhere [27–30]. …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The BUS study as a whole tested for 120 chemical agents and found exposure to varying degrees in each participant [27]. Accordingly, it is not possible to attribute contamination from a single agent to a particular clinical outcome.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Excretion of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Flame Retardants: Blood, Urine, and Sweat Study

Genuis¹,

Birkholz

Genuis

2017

BioMed Research International

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…The results showed that many toxins appeared to be present preferentially in sweat and not in serum, thereby confirming that sweat appeared to be a potential conduit for the elimination of some toxins [39]. Later, some researchers used methods such as saunas to induce sweating and ascertain whether they could help excrete toxins such as lead, thiuram, captax, sulphenamide C, methamphetamine and related chemical compounds that invaded the body during everyday work activities.…”

Section: Metabolic and Excretory Functions Of Sweatmentioning

confidence: 93%

Systematic Review Focusing on the Excretion and Protection Roles of Sweat in the Skin

Yan

Cui²,

Liu³

et al. 2014

Dermatology

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The skin excretes substances primarily through sweat glands. Several conditions have been demonstrated to be associated with diminished sweating. However, few studies have concentrated on the metabolism and excretion of sweat. This review focuses on the relationship between temperature and the thermoregulatory efficacy of sweat, and then discusses the excretion of sweat, which includes the metabolism of water, minerals, proteins, vitamins as well as toxic substances. The potential role of sweat secretion in hormone homeostasis and the effects on the defense system of the skin are also clarified.

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“…276 An important finding of the study was that excretion of certain toxic elements occurs preferentially via sweat. A set of 18 elements was analysed in blood spots from new-born children.…”

Section: Elemental Analyses Of Body Tissues and Body Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Jakubowski

Horsky

Roos

et al. 2014

Sector Field Mass Spectrometry for Elemental and Isotopic Analysis

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ICP-MS is based on the formation of (preferentially monovalent positively) charged atomic ions in an inductively coupled Ar plasma at almost 10 000 K. The ions formed are transferred from the plasma source at ambient pressure into a mass separator operated at high vacuum via a set of cones. The ions are separated according to their mass/charge ratio in the mass separator (quadrupole, magnetic sector field or time-of-flight mass separator). In most cases, the ions are detected using a secondary electron multiplier; in some set-ups (also) a Faraday cup can be used. Single-collector (scanning mass spectrometer usually used for quantitative elemental analysis) or multicollector (static operation of mass spectrometer for precise isotope ratio analysis) configurations can be found (Figures 12.1 and 12.2).

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Blood, Urine, and Sweat (BUS) Study: Monitoring and Elimination of Bioaccumulated Toxic Elements

Cited by 100 publications

References 58 publications

Human Excretion of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Flame Retardants: Blood, Urine, and Sweat Study

Human Excretion of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Flame Retardants: Blood, Urine, and Sweat Study

Systematic Review Focusing on the Excretion and Protection Roles of Sweat in the Skin

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

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