Blood serum acute phase proteins and iron dynamics during acute phase response of Salmonella enterica serotype Dublin experimentally infected buffalo calves

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate clinical signs, blood serum acute phase proteins (APP) and iron dynamics during the acute phase response (APR) of Salmonella Dublin experimentally infected Murrah buffalo calves. Six buffalo calves constituted the control group (CNT) and six were orally inoculate with 10 CFU of S. Dublin (INF). Clinical evaluation was performed, rectal swabs to detect S. Dublin strains were collected and venous blood was sampled before and throughout seven days after inoculation. The APP fractions β-haptoglobin, α-haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and transferrin were analyzed by 1-D and 2-D electrophoresis. Proteins were identified using LC/ESI-MS/MS and NCBI database. Plasma fibrinogen, serum iron and serum haptoglobin concentrations were measured. The inoculation of 10 CFU of S. Dublin was effective in inducing clinical signs of Salmonellosis, such as hyperthermia and diarrhea. 1-DE showed that β and α-haptoglobin increased 204% (p = 0.008) and 184% (p = 0.022) 48 h after inoculation (HAI), respectively, with highest concentrations 120 HAI (498% increased, p = 0.012; 431% increased, p = 0.011) and 168 HAI (492% increased, p = 0.019; 523% increased, p = 0.028). 2-DE showed that the expression of two spots, identified as β-haptoglobin, were increased 693% (p = 0.0006) and 580% (p = 0.0003) 168 HAI, respectively, while one spot, identified as α-haptoglobin, increased 714% (p = 0.040). Haptoglobin concentrations increased 1339% (p < 0.0001) 168 HAI. 1-DE showed that ceruloplasmin increased 42% (p = 0.034) 48 HAI, with highest concentration 120 HAI (133% increased, p = 0.022). 2-DE showed that the expression of two spots, identified as ceruloplasmin, were increased 218% (p = 0.0153) and 85% (p = 0.0143) 168 HAI, respectively. Fibrinogen increased 78% (p = 0.012) 96 HAI, with highest concentration 120 HAI (increased 114%, p = 0.002). Iron decreased 33% 24 HAI (p = 0.015) and 37% 72 HAI (p = 0.029), and began to be restored 96 HAI. 1-DE showed that transferrin decreased 23% 120 HAI (p = 0.047), and that values were restored 168 HAI. 2-DE showed that expression patterns of transferrin comparing 0 h and 168 HAI were similar, evidencing that values were restored 168 HAI. In conclusion, the inoculation of 10 CFU was effective in inducing hyperthermia and diahrrea. β and α-haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen worked as positive APP during the APR to S. Dublin infection and are potential biomarker candidates. Concentrations of iron and transferrin decreased during the infection, highlighting the fact that mechanisms for restricting iron availability are part of the APR triggered against S. Dublin infection in buffalo calves.

Neuer Blick auf ein altes Element – Eisen, Hepcidin und Entzündung

“…In der Gruppe mit Injektion von Freunds Adjuvans erfolgte der Abfall der Fe-Konzentration langsamer, hielt dafür aber länger an [22]. Auch eine Studie zur Akute-Phase-Reaktion nach experimenteller Infektion von Kälbern mit Salmonella Dublin zeigte einen signifikanten Abfall der Serum-Fe-Konzentration 24-72 Stunden post infectionem [41]. In einem anderen Studienansatz wurde die Erholungsphase nach einer Septikämie bei 1-10 Tage alten Kälbern dokumentiert: Zum Zeitpunkt der Einlieferung in die Tierklinik wiesen die Kälber eine mittlere Fe-Konzentration von 10,8 µmol/l auf, nach Behandlung der Septikämie lag diese bei 14,8 µmol/l.…”

Comparative Analysis Using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Highlights a Potential Transmission of Salmonella Between Asymptomatic Buffaloes and Pigs in a Single Farm

“…In buffaloes, Salmonella is also responsible for economic losses (2), and several serotypes have been reported worldwide (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8), isolated in feces (2,3,5,6), raw meat (4,8) and milk (7). Although reports show that salmonellosis in buffalo-calves is a widespread disease characterized by gastrointestinal lesions, diarrhea, hyperthermia, and dehydration (2,9,10), the major source of infection in the herd are asymptomatic adult animals shedding the bacteria through the feces (2), which is a great concern since these animals can act as reservoirs and be a great risk of transmission to humans and other animal species (3).…”