Blood responses to titanium surface with TiO₂ nano‐mesh structure

Abstract

The formation of TiO2 nano-mesh on the Ti surfaces was shown to enhance blood responses, which we expect to promote cell growth in the application of dental implants.

Effects of Surface Nanotopography and Calcium Chemistry of Titanium Bone Implants on Early Blood Platelet and Macrophage Cell Function

“…Our results showed that surface chemistry modification with Ca 2+ promoted platelet activation at the nanostructured Ti surface, with an effect that was superior to that of the pure anatase TiO 2 structure with better surface hydrophilicity. These findings are somewhat in agreement with the results of other studies reporting that surface hydrophilicity, nanoscale topography, and crystalline TiO 2 structure affect platelet activation on the Ti surface [ 2 , 12 – 15 ]. The anatase TiO 2 structure enhanced platelet activation, which accelerated dense fibrin matrix formation [ 13 ] and PDGF growth factor release [ 15 ].…”

“…The dense fibrin network formed on implant surfaces serves as a temporary scaffold to promote homing of osteogenic MSCs to the implant surface [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 17 , 18 ]. Morphology changes in platelets adhering to the implant surface are indicative of stages of platelet activation [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 17 , 18 , 23 ]. Platelet activation can be classified into three stages according to morphology changes: dendritic (early pseudopodia), spread dendritic (intermediate pseudopodia), and fully spread platelets [ 23 ].…”

“…Growth factors and cytokines released by activated platelets recruit macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) onto the implant surface [ 3 , 4 ]. Studies have demonstrated that positive modulation of the thrombogenic potential of platelets via modification of surface properties of Ti implants induces favorable osseointegration outcomes by the enhancing homing of bone-forming MSCs to implant surface [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. After implantation, macrophage cells play central role during early wound healing process of implants.…”

“…Studies have demonstrated that surface chemistry modification using bioactive ions further increases osteogenic capacity of nanostructured Ti implants [ 9 – 11 ]. Studies have also reported that surface chemistry and topographic modification of implants influence the early platelet response, which may subsequently affect macrophage responses and osteogenic cell functions [ 2 , 12 – 15 ]. Calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) are primarily used for the surface modification of Ti implants to enhance early bone regeneration.…”

Surface nanoporosity of β-type Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloy for the enhancement of protein adsorption and cell response

“…A variety of suitable surface modifications have been reported for Ti-based biomedical implants [17,23,24,[33][34][35][36][37]; nevertheless, a practical method that has been shown to enhance the cell responses to Ti25Nb25Zr alloys has yet to be developed. The current study demonstrated that a nanoporous surface can be produced on Ti25Nb25Zr in 10 min using a fast and simple electrochemical anodization process, and as expected, the resulting surface positively enhances cell responses .…”