Blood Pressure in Idiopathic Calcium Nephrolithiasis

Vagelli, G; Calabrese, G.; Mazzotta, Anna Rita; Pratesi, Giovanni; Gonella, M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2556-1_256

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…An important fall of the stone recurrence rate was found in the studies that evaluated the stone incidence rate during Mg supplementation. They found a significant drop in the incident rate from values higher than 0.7 stones/year/patient to an incident rate lower than 0.11 stones/year/patient 32,40,53 (Table 1) 49,50 . The reduction of Ca phosphate saturation is favorable since it has been reported that these crystals might provide the nucleus for CaOx stone formation.…”

Section: Stone Formation -Crystallization and Stone Incidencementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The main mechanisms through which magnesium can inhibit the stone growth are: -Oral Mg decreases intestinal absorption of oxalate and consequently urinary excretion of oxalate. Oral administration of Mg binds oxalate in the intestinal lumen, working as an effective oxalate -chelating agent [32][33][34] . -Magnesium can also bind oxalate in the urinary lumen and form magnesium oxalate complexes, which are 100 times more soluble than calcium oxalate (0.07g/100ml versus 0.0007g/100 ml, respectively) 35 , lowering the urinary saturation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) 36,33,17,37,38 .…”

Section: Rationale For Magnesium Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies in Ca stone formers [32][33][34] found a significant reduction in urinary oxalate excretion with oral Mg supplementation. In order to maximize the effect of Mg as an intestinal oxalate -chelating agent, Mg salts should be given with meals 34 .…”

Section: Number Of Patients Drug and Dose Effect On Urinary Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnesium supplementation to prevent recurrence of renal stones

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The filtered Mg is reabsorbed by the renal tubules: 10-25% in the proximal tubule, 60-70% in the thick ascending limb (TAL) and 5% in the distal tubule. Transport of Mg in TAL is primarily passive (moving from the lumen to the interstitium) via the paracellular channels, due to a transepithelial gradient generated by the apical NaK2Cl cotransporter (Figure 1). ABSTRACT Stone formers have lower urinary magnesium than healthy people. Higher urinary magnesium levels are associated with lower incidence of kidney stones, and hypomagnesuria has been described as a lithogenic risk factor. Magnesium can have direct and indirect inhibitory effects on lithogenesis: decreasing the absorption of oxalates in the intestine; forming magnesium oxalate complexes which reduces the saturation of calcium oxalate; increasing the urinary citrate and inhibiting the conversion of the calcium oxalate in its monohydrated form. Oral supplementation with magnesium is an effective way to correct hypomagnesuria. However, oral magnesium supplementation in recurrent stone formers with hypomagnesuria is still a subject of ongoing debate, and physicians treating these patients underestimate its potential preventive effects. Oral magnesium supplementation can be used as an adjuvant therapy to the standard prophylactic therapy, mainly in association with an alkali salt. It is well tolerated and has few adverse effects.

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