Blood Pressure Correlation Between Relatives in an Endogamic Population

Cruz-Coke, R; Covarrubias, E

doi:10.1159/000151895

Cited by 2 publications

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“…By contrast, lowlanders have more advanced agricultural methods and are subject to urban pressure from the nearby port of Arica. Extensive data on the medical, genetic and cultural aspects of the region have been published (Cruz-Coke, Cristoffanini, Aspillaga & Biancani, 1966;Rothhammer & Spielman, 1972).…”

Section: A T E R I a L S A N D M E T H O D Ssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…considerations (Cavalli-Sforza & Bodmer, I97 1) and experimental evidence (Cruz-Coke, 1959;Cruz-Coke & Covarrubias, 1965;Krieger, 1969) supports the hypothesis that the stronger factor is the genetic one. We think that to solve this problem careful study of the genetic theory of quantitative characters (Fisher,19 18) is necessary.…”

Section: S R Crut-coke H Donoso and R Barreramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretically it is possible to differentiate the genetic and environmental components by analysing genetically homogeneous populations living in two strongly different ecosystems (Cruz-Coke, Etcheverry & Nagel, 1964a;Cruz-Coke, Nagel & Etcheverry, 1964b;Cruz-Coke & Covarrubias, 1965). We are at present integrating our experiences with new genetic models (Cavalli-Sforza & Bodmer, 1971) and are studying the epidemiology of hypertension in the context of the ecology of blood pressure as a whole (Grimley Evans & Rose, 1971).…”

Section: S R Crut-coke H Donoso and R Barreramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Ecology of Hypertension

1973

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I. A comparative study has been made of a population genetically homogeneous 2. Individuals were 'marked' with common serologic major genes. 3. The predominant strength of the environmental factors was demonstrated by the observation that when maintaining the genetic factor constant, hypertension appeared in the more advanced ('acculturated') Lowland populations.4. The absence of hypertension was confirmed in Highland isolated primitive peoples.5. Blood pressure correlation between relatives varied significantly with changing ecosystems.6. The predominant strength of heredity was nevertheless demonstrated by the fact that in acculturated populations the genetic component of variance was found to be greater than the environmental one, and the dominant component accounted for nearly half the genetic variance.7. Hypertension appears in the Lowlands to be exclusively associated with some specific genotypes of the Rhesus and MN systems.8. The determination of blood pressure may be controlled by few major genes operating in given ecosystems under the permissiveness of environmental agents. living in two adjacent but strongly different ecosystems.

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Section: A T E R I a L S A N D M E T H O D Ssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: S R Crut-coke H Donoso and R Barreramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S R Crut-coke H Donoso and R Barreramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Ecology of Hypertension

1973

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Etiology of essential hypertension.

Cruz-Coke¹

1981

Hypertension

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is not possible to study the etiology of essential hypertension without considering the role of inheritance. Unfortunately, a genetic approach to this problem has been hampered by the fact that not a single deleterious recurrent mutation has been detected in the structural idiomorphic genes which synthesize the enzymes of the renin angiotensinaldosterone and kallikrein-kinin systems in mammals. Similarly, physiologists and biochemists have been unable to discover a single polymorphic genetic system that relates to blood pressure (BP) regulation. Thus, unable to obtain a direct approach to the genetic sources, geneticists have used indirect epidemiological methods to investigate the genetics of BP in human populations. Models Polygenic ModelThe epidemiological evidence currently available indicates that the development of high BP in the population at large depends on the interaction of several genetic and environmental influences. The sources of genetic variation of the BP phenotype originate from polygenes, polymorphic genes, and possibly idiomorphic genes. The sources of ecological or environmental variation originate mainly from weight gain, salt (Na) intake, and psychosocial stress. All the genes may be grouped and explained on the basis of a polygenic model. Polygenic or multifactorial inheritance of a quantitative trait assumes that multiple factors, both inherited and acquired and acting independently, lead to a distribution that is correlated in relatives of patients. The distribution is continuous in the population at large and is the expression of the interaction of "minor" or "common" genes and multiple environmental factors. 1The degree of quantitative resemblance (correlation and regression coefficients) among relatives is proportional to the number of genes in common shared by all the individuals within the family. 2The polygenic evidence is the following-1) distribution of levels of BP in relatives of hypertensive patients, compared with controls, shows that the relatives of hypertensives have significant higher mean blood BP levels at all ages than the relatives of controls.3 ' * 2) After suitable adjustment for age and sex, it has been found that the tendency of the first degree relatives of hypertensive patients to resemble one another is the same at all levels of BP from the lowest to the highest ranges. The higher the pressure of the patient, the higher the pressure of the relative. 5 3) The degree of BP resemblance between relatives is a function of the corresponding degree of parentage. Firstdegree relatives (parents and sibling) show higher correlations and regression coefficients than the second-degree (uncles and grandfathers) and third-degree (cousin) relatives."All the correlation studies of BP between relatives have found low degrees of resemblance around r = 0.20, against an expected 0.50 for total genetic determination.7 This familial aggregation is present early in life; the maternal infant correlation at birth is also 0.20. This resemblance is maintained with increasing age until ...

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Blood Pressure Correlation Between Relatives in an Endogamic Population

Cited by 2 publications

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Genetic Ecology of Hypertension

Genetic Ecology of Hypertension

Etiology of essential hypertension.

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