Blood parasites (Haemoproteus and microfilariae) in birds from the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica

Benedikt, Václav; Baruš, V.; Čapek, Miroslav; Havlicek, Martin; Literák, Ivan

doi:10.2478/s11686-009-0043-1

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Many studies have investigated microfilarial nematode prevalence in birds, reporting prevalences up to 20% ( Greiner et al, 1975; Bennett et al, 1991; Rodriguez and Matta, 2001; Dusek and Forrester, 2002; Hauptmanova et al, 2004; Sehgal et al, 2005; Akinpelu, 2008; Benedikt et al, 2009 ). However, the majority of these studies screened blood smears for the presence of microfilariae using blood collected during the day, which could result in an underestimate of prevalence due to the periodicity of microfilariae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of filarioid nematodes and trypanosomes in American robins and house sparrows, Chicago USA

Hamer

Anderson

Berry

et al. 2013

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of filarioid nematodes and trypanosomes in American robins and house sparrows, Chicago USA

Hamer

Anderson

Berry

et al. 2013

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…Haemosporidian parasites are common blood parasites of reptiles, birds, and mammals with some stages of development in both tissues and circulating blood cells of infected hosts (Archawaranon, 2005). The most commonly recorded parasites in smears of peripheral blood are unicellular eukaryotic parasites of the genera, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon and Plasmoduim (Benedikt et al, 2009). These pathogens are widespread and commonly include species from the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, Fallisia and Trypanosoma (Valkiūnas, 2005;Braga et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Haemoparasites in village chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) slaughtered at poultry markets in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria

Malgwi¹,

Ezema²,

Dauda³

et al. 2016

J. Anim. Sci. Vet. Med.

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The present study on prevalence of haemoparasites in village chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Maiduguri comprising the Maiduguri Metropolitan Council (MMC) and Jere district of Borno State, Nigeria was done between November, 2015 and January, 2016. A total of 200 blood samples were collected from chickens of both sexes slaughtered in poultry market/dressing slabs located in Custom market and Monday market Maiduguri and transported to the teaching and research laboratory department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri Nigeria, for analysis. Giemsa-stained thin blood smears were prepared and screened for the presence of haemoparasites. Microscopic examination of the thin blood smears revealed that thirty-four (34) of the sampled chickens were infected with at least one genus of haemoparasites, with overall prevalence of 17.0% for Haemoproteus, and/or Plasmodium spp. Result also revealed that single infection with Haemoproteus spp. shows higher prevalence (50.9%) than Plasmoduim spp. (29.4%) or mixed infection with Plasmodium spp. + Haemoproteus spp. (17.6%). There was higher sex specific prevalent rate in cock (20.5%) than in Hen (11.5%). There was also a strong association between sex and presence of haemoparasite in village chicken (χ²= 3.09). However, the distribution of the haemoparasites among the sex of the host chickens was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Similarly the likelihood of getting more haemoparasite in male (cock) than in female (hen) is less (OR= 0.73, and 95% CI = 0.344 − 1.561).

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“…Blood parasites are markedly diverse and have been the subject of much research, not only by helminthologists but also by protistologists, including the area of avian malaria research, resulting in a large number of publications reporting the presence of microfilariae in the circulatory system [ 1 – 3 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 43 – 48 ]. However, little progress has been made in the study of blood parasite phylogenies, microfilaria taxonomy and biology in wildlife due to difficulties in species identification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is often impossible to take measurements and to examine the morphology of live microfilariae located in organs during fieldwork. However, microfilariae in the periphereal blood can be readily observed in fixed stained peripheral blood preparations, and these parasites have often been reported in studies addressing other blood parasites [ 14 , 18 , 43 – 47 , 52 – 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and morphological characterization of three new species of avian Onchocercidae (Nematoda) with emphasis on circulating microfilariae

et al. 2021

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Background Blood parasites have been the subject of much research, with numerous reports of the presence of microfilariae in the peripheral blood (circulating microfilariae) of birds belonging to many orders. Current limitations in molecular characterization methods and species identification using morphological characters of circulating microfilariae are major obstacles to improving our understanding the biology of Filarioidea species, particularly in wildlife. The aim of this study was to partially fill these gaps, with particular emphasis on morphological features of microfilariae, which are the most readily accessible stages of these pathogens. Methods Peripheral blood samples of 206 birds belonging to genera Acrocephalus (five species) and Sylvia (five species) were examined using the buffy coat method to process the blood samples for the presence of microfilariae. Positive birds were dissected to collect adult nematodes. Microfilariae and adult nematodes were described, and sequences of their mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and nuclear 28S rDNA gene fragments were obtained and used for molecular characterization and Bayesian phylogenetic inferences. Results Overall prevalence of microfilariae was 2.9%. Microfilariae were found in the blood samples from six birds (2 Acrocephalus scirpaceus and 1 each of A. arundinaceus, Sylvia atricapilla, S. borin and S. curruca), which were dissected. All parasite species observed were new. Eufilaria acrocephalusi sp. n. and Eufilaria sylviae sp. n. were present in subcutaneous, peritracheal and periesophageal connective tissues in A. scirpaceus and S. borin, respectively. Splendidofilaria bartletti sp. n. was found in finger joins of S. atricapilla. Illustrations of microfilariae and adult nematodes are shown, and morphological and phylogenetic analyses identified the DNA barcode haplotypes that are associated with these species. Phylogenetic analysis places the parasites of different genera in different closely related clades. Conclusions Adult nematode morphological characters, which have been traditionally used in the taxonomy of Filarioidea species, have a phylogenetic value. Importantly, in our study parasites of different genera were readily distinguishable based on the morphology of their microfilariae. The link between molecular and morphology data requires more study in Filarioidea species research, particularly because this approach provides new knowledge on species identity using only readily accessible blood stages (microfilariae), thereby avoiding host dissection and thus minimizing harm to wildlife during research.

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Blood parasites (Haemoproteus and microfilariae) in birds from the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Prevalence of filarioid nematodes and trypanosomes in American robins and house sparrows, Chicago USA

Prevalence of filarioid nematodes and trypanosomes in American robins and house sparrows, Chicago USA

Prevalence of Haemoparasites in village chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) slaughtered at poultry markets in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria

Molecular and morphological characterization of three new species of avian Onchocercidae (Nematoda) with emphasis on circulating microfilariae

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