Prevalence of filarioid nematodes and trypanosomes in American robins and house sparrows, Chicago USA

Hamer, Gabriel L.; Anderson, Tavis K.; Berry, Garrett E.; Makohon-Moore, Alvin; Crafton, Jeffrey C.; Brawn, Jeffrey D.; Doliński, A; Krebs, Bethany L.; Ruiz, Marilyn O.; Muzzall, Patrick M.; Goldberg, Tony L.; Walker, Edward D.

doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2012.11.005

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…are found in some species of birds occasionally [6,12,14,24] . But there is no data about the prevalence of Trypanosoma spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using microscopy, the prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. was found as 7.3% (consisting of 121 species from 21 families and 8 orders) in West African Nations of Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Ivory Coast [25] , and (68 species from 15 families and 4 orders) 11.4% in Uganda [26] , 36.4% in blood samples collected from Europe, Africa, and North America [27] , 18.0% of American robins and 16.9% of house sparrows in Chicago, USA [14] , 60.0% in Northern Goshawk [28] . In another study, 26.1% (40/153) of yellowbreasted chats were found infected with trypanosomes [29] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in order to optimize DNA amplification by using ribosomal genes, a nested PCR protocol was developed [12] . Due to the broad host range and wide geographical distribution, many studies have been focused on [5,8,9,[12][13][14] the prevalence of trypanosomiasis in wild birds but the epidemiological parameters of avian trypanosomiasis has not yet been investigated in Turkey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Türkiye’nin Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde Kazlarda (Anser anser domesticus) Trypanosoma spp. Prevalansı ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu

Taşçi¹,

Vatansever²,

Aydın³

et al. 2018

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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Avian trypanosomiosis is a protozoan disease transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods belonging to the Simuliidae, Culicidae, Ceratopogonidae, Hippoboscidae, and Dermanyssidae. Trypanosoma spp. are diagnosed by using microscopic and/or molecular methods. In this study, a total of 400 domestic geese blood samples were examined using nested PCR with the primers that amplify a gene fragment of 18S rRNA of Trypanosoma spp. The molecular prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. was determined as 50.25%. 18S rRNA amplicons from the two positive isolates were sequenced with the PCR primers. The obtained sequences from the two isolates exhibited 99.7% identity to each other. Sequence and blastn analyses revealed that two isolates were highly identical (99.7-100%) to the published 18S rRNA sequences of T. thomasbancrofti, T. gallinarum and T. avium from Xanthomyza phrygia (regent honeyeater) and Gallus gallus (the red junglefowl). This study provides the first molecular data on Trypanosoma generations in poultry from Turkey. The presence of Trypanosoma spp. was also firstly identified in domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus) in the world by molecular tools and genetic characterization of a short fragment of the 18S rRNA gene region has been achieved. Keywords: Domestic geese, Kars, Molecular characterization, Trypanosoma spp. Türkiye'nin Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde Kazlarda (Anser anser domesticus) Trypanosoma spp. Prevalansı ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu ÖzKanatlı trypanosomiosisi, Simuliidae, Culicidae, Ceratopogonidae, Hippoboscidae ve Dermanyssidae ailelerinde bulunan kan emen artropodlar tarafından bulaştırılan bir protozoan enfeksiyonudur. Trypanosoma türleri mikroskobik ve/veya moleküler yöntemlerle teşhis edilebilir. Bu çalışmada, Trypanosoma türlerinin 18S rRNA gen fragmanını çoğaltan primerler kullanılarak nested PCR ile toplam 400 kazın kan örneği incelenmiştir. Trypanosoma spp. prevalansı %50.25 olarak tespit edilmiştir. İki pozitif izolattan elde edilen 18S rRNA amplikonlarının PCR primerleri ile sekans analizi yaptırılmıştır. İki izolattan elde edilen sekanslar birbirleri ile %99.7 oranında identiklik göstermiştir. Sekans ve blastn analizleri, bu iki izolatın Xanthomyza phrygia (regent honeyeater) ve Gallus gallus'tan (kırmızı junglefowl) izole edilen T. thomasbancrofti, T. gallinarum ve T. avium'un 18S rRNA dizilimlerine çok benzer olduğunu (%99.7-100) ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma Türkiye'de kanatlılarda yayılış gösteren Trypanosoma türleriyle ilgili ilk moleküler verileri sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca Trypanosoma türlerinin evcil kazlarda (Anser anser domesticus) varlığı dünyada ilk olarak tespit edilmiş ve 18S rRNA gen bölgesinin kısa bir parçasının genetik karakterizasyonu sağlanmıştır.

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“…are found in some species of birds occasionally [6,12,14,24] . But there is no data about the prevalence of Trypanosoma spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Türkiye’nin Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde Kazlarda (Anser anser domesticus) Trypanosoma spp. Prevalansı ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu

Taşçi¹,

Vatansever²,

Aydın³

et al. 2018

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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“…Briefly, the mosquitoes were kept at low temperature (~4°C) and then washed with distilled water, 70% alcohol and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) [9,10]. The mosquitoes were then dissected by placing on a drop of PBS on a glass slide, followed by separation of the midgut.…”

Section: Isolation Of Midgut Cells and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Cell Culture of Aedes Albopictus Midgut Cells: A Prospective Model for in Vitro Study of Arboviruses

Roy

Sinha

Katoch

et al. 2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: Midgut cells play a key role in the propagation of mosquito borne Arboviruses. The existing mosquito cell lines for studying viral pathogenesis are derived either from larvae or from eggs since there is no cell line available from the mosquito midgut. Therefore, to delineate the in situ viral interaction which naturally occurs within the mosquito midgut and represent cellular pathogenesis in human beings, the present work was aimed to develop a primary cell line from the midgut cells of Aedes albopictus. Methods:The midgut cells of A. albopictus were collected, cultured and incubated at 28°C to study the growth after every 24 hrs for 7 days.Result: The primary cell culture showed an increasing growth pattern of columnar cells up to 48 hrs followed by decrease in cell population afterward. However, the number of stem cells increased significantly throughout the study period, and their population outnumbered the columnar cells after 72 hrs. There was no significant change of goblet cells and regenerating cells which were scanty in number throughout the experiment. Conclusion:The present method will help to develop the individual cell lines from mosquito midgut and study the host pathogen interaction in arboviral diseases in future.

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“…[54][55][56][57]. However, there are few reports on the application of BCM in detection of parasites in wild birds [9,[58][59][60][61]. The first application of BCM for detection of bird blood parasites was described by Bennett [58].…”

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confidence: 99%

The buffy coat method: a tool for detection of blood parasites without staining procedures

et al. 2020

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Background: Blood parasites belonging to the Apicomplexa, Trypanosomatidae and Filarioidea are widespread in birds and have been studied extensively. Microscopical examination (ME) of stained blood films remains the gold standard method for the detection of these infections in birds, particularly because co-infections predominate in wildlife. None of the available molecular tools can detect all co-infections at the same time, but ME provides opportunities for this to be achieved. However, fixation, drying and staining of blood films as well as their ME are relatively time-consuming. This limits the detection of infected hosts during fieldwork when captured animals should be released soon after sampling. It is an obstacle for quick selection of donor hosts for parasite experimental, histological and other investigations in the field. This study modified, tested and described the buffy coat method (BCM) for quick diagnostics (~ 20 min/sample) of avian blood parasites. Methods: Blood of 345 birds belonging to 42 species was collected, and each sample was examined using ME of stained blood films and the buffy coat, which was examined after centrifugation in capillary tubes and after being transferred to objective glass slides. Parasite detection using these methods was compared using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and Cohen's kappa index. Results: Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium, microfilariae, Trypanosoma and Lankesterella parasites were detected. BCM had a high sensitivity (> 90%) and specificity (> 90%) for detection of Haemoproteus and microfilariae infections. It was of moderate sensitivity (57%) and high specificity (> 90%) for Lankesterella infections, but of low sensitivity (20%) and high specificity (> 90%) for Leucocytozoon infections. Trypanosoma and Plasmodium parasites were detected only by BCM and ME, respectively. According to Cohen's kappa index, the agreement between two diagnostic tools was substantial for Haemoproteus (0.80), moderate for Lankesterella (0.46) and fair for microfilariae and Leucocytozoon (0.28) infections. Conclusions: BCM is sensitive and recommended as a quick and reliable tool to detect Haemoproteus, Trypanosoma and microfilariae parasites during fieldwork. However, it is not suitable for detection of species of Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium. BCM is a useful tool for diagnostics of blood parasite co-infections. Its application might be extended to studies of blood parasites in other vertebrates during field studies.

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Prevalence of filarioid nematodes and trypanosomes in American robins and house sparrows, Chicago USA

Cited by 32 publications

References 56 publications

Türkiye’nin Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde Kazlarda (Anser anser domesticus) Trypanosoma spp. Prevalansı ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu

Türkiye’nin Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde Kazlarda (Anser anser domesticus) Trypanosoma spp. Prevalansı ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu

Primary Cell Culture of Aedes Albopictus Midgut Cells: A Prospective Model for in Vitro Study of Arboviruses

The buffy coat method: a tool for detection of blood parasites without staining procedures

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