Blood Meal Analysis and Virus Detection in Blood-Fed Mosquitoes Collected During the 2006–2007 Rift Valley Fever Outbreak in Kenya

Lutomiah, Joel; Omondi, David; Masiga, Daniel K.; Mutai, Collins; Mireji, Paul O.; Ongus, Juliette R.; Linthicum, K.J.; Sang, Rosemary

doi:10.1089/vbz.2013.1564

Cited by 42 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…sudanensis, and Cx. rubinotus (Crabtree et al 2009, Ochieng et al 2013Lutomiah et al 2014. This means that the (potential) vectors of NDUV are more than is currently recognized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Masembe et al (2012) demonstrated the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) as a potential vertebrate host for NDUV while Lwande et al (2013) isolated NDUV from Rhipicephalus pulchellus collected from cattle (Bos taurus) and warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), although it is possible that this virus was in the blood meals from infected animals. It has also been suggested that goats are involved in the natural maintenance and ampliÞcation of NDUV (Lutomiah et al, 2014). This signiÞes the potential of NDUV maintenance by livestock as well as wild animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Vertical Transmission of Ndumu Virus inCulex pipiens(Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes Collected as Larvae

et al. 2014

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Ndumu virus (NDUV) is a member of the family Togaviridae and genus Alphavirus. In Kenya, the virus has been isolated from a range of mosquito species but has not been associated with human or animal morbidity. Little is know about the transmission dynamics or vertebrate reservoirs of this virus. NDUV was isolated from two pools of female Culex pipiens mosquitoes, IJR37 (n = 18) and IJR73 (n = 3), which were collected as larvae on 15 April 2013 from two dambos near the village of Marey, Ijara District, Garissa County, Kenya, and reared to adults and identified to species. These results represent the first field evidence of vertical transmission of NDUV among mosquitoes.

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“…sudanensis, and Cx. rubinotus (Crabtree et al 2009, Ochieng et al 2013Lutomiah et al 2014. This means that the (potential) vectors of NDUV are more than is currently recognized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Vertical Transmission of Ndumu Virus inCulex pipiens(Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes Collected as Larvae

et al. 2014

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“…Many species of mosquitoes have been identified as vectors [73,74]. Some Aedes species act as reservoirs for the virus during inter-epidemic periods, and increased rainfall in dry areas leads to an explosive hatching of mosquito eggs, many of which contain the virus.…”

Section: • Rift Valley Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infected Aedes spp. feed preferentially on domestic ruminants which act as an amplifier of the virus [74]. Humans infect themselves through direct or indirect (aerosols) contact with blood, secretions or tissues of infected animals, which occurs in veterinary procedures (obstetrical manoeuvres, medical treatments), animal husbandry [75], slaughtering, consumption of raw milk and in food preparation.…”

Section: • Rift Valley Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Emergence of Schmallenberg Virus Part 1: Origin, Transmission and Differential Diagnosis

Esteves¹,

Mesquita²,

Nóbrega³

et al. 2016

Epidemiology of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases - Attributes of Lifestyle and Nature on Humankind

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Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a novel Orthobunyavirus causing mild clinical signs in cows and malformations in aborted and neonatal ruminants in Europe. SBV belongs to the family Bunyaviridae and is transmitted by biting midges. This new virus was identified for the first time in the blood samples of cows in the city of Schmallenberg in NorthRhine-Westphalia in November 2011. Since then the virus spread to several European countries. Here we describe the origin and emergence, as well as the transmission and the differential diagnosis of this virus, now known to be a serious threat to Veterinary Public Health.

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“…Bloodmeal identification of field-collected vectors is pivotal to disentangling disease transmission dynamics, identifying ecological reservoirs during inter-epidemic periods, and developing appropriate disease control and response strategies [3]. However, most standard approaches to bloodmeal analysis rely on time consuming and expensive sequencing [4][5][6]. Peña et al (2012) developed an improved, cost-effective and rapid approach based on high resolution melting analysis (HRM) of cytochrome b (cyt b) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) products to identify vertebrate bloodmeals of triatomine bugs (Rhodnius and Triatoma species) in the Caribbean region of Colombia [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling host-vector-arbovirus interactions by two-gene high resolution melting mosquito bloodmeal analysis in a Kenyan wildlife-livestock interface

Villinger¹

2016

2016 International Congress of Entomology

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The blood-feeding patterns of mosquitoes are directly linked to the spread of pathogens that they transmit. Efficient identification of arthropod vector bloodmeal hosts can identify the diversity of vertebrate species potentially involved in disease transmission cycles. While molecular bloodmeal analyses rely on sequencing of cytochrome b (cyt b) or cytochrome oxidase 1 gene PCR products, recently developed bloodmeal host identification based on high resolution melting (HRM) analyses of cyt b PCR products is more cost-effective. To resolve the diverse vertebrate hosts that mosquitoes may potentially feed on in sub-Saharan Africa, we utilized HRM profiles of both cyt b and 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Among 445 blood-fed Aedeomyia, Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Mansonia, and Mimomyia mosquitoes from Kenya's Lake Victoria and Lake Baringo regions where many mosquito-transmitted pathogens are endemic, we identified 33 bloodmeal hosts including humans, eight domestic animal species, six peridomestic animal species and 18 wildlife species. This resolution of vertebrate host species was only possible by comparing profiles of both cyt b and 16S markers, as melting profiles of some pairs of species were similar for either marker but not both. We identified mixed bloodmeals in a Culex pipiens from Mbita that had fed on a goat and a human and in two Mansonia africana mosquitoes from Baringo that each had fed on a rodent (Arvicanthis niloticus) in addition to a human or baboon. We further detected Sindbis and Bunyamwera viruses in blood-fed mosquito homogenates by Vero cell culture and RT-PCR in Culex, Aedeomyia, Anopheles and Mansonia mosquitoes from Baringo that had fed on humans and livestock. The observed mosquito feeding on both arbovirus amplifying hosts (including sheep and goats) and possible arbovirus reservoirs (birds, porcupine, baboons, rodents) informs arbovirus disease epidemiology and vector control strategies.

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Blood Meal Analysis and Virus Detection in Blood-Fed Mosquitoes Collected During the 2006–2007 Rift Valley Fever Outbreak in Kenya

Abstract: This study has demonstrated that RVFV and NDUV were concurrently circulating during the outbreak, and sheep and goats were the main amplifiers of these viruses respectively.

Cited by 42 publications

References 40 publications

Natural Vertical Transmission of Ndumu Virus inCulex pipiens(Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes Collected as Larvae

Natural Vertical Transmission of Ndumu Virus inCulex pipiens(Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes Collected as Larvae

Epidemiology and Emergence of Schmallenberg Virus Part 1: Origin, Transmission and Differential Diagnosis

Unraveling host-vector-arbovirus interactions by two-gene high resolution melting mosquito bloodmeal analysis in a Kenyan wildlife-livestock interface

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