Natural Vertical Transmission of Ndumu Virus in<i>Culex pipiens</i>(Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes Collected as Larvae

Lutomiah, Joel; Ongus, Juliette R.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.; Sang, Rosemary

doi:10.1603/me14064

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…sudanensis and Ao. furfurea also supports existing evidence that it is maintained in nature by transovarial transmission ( Lutomiah et al 2014b ). NDUV was first isolated in South Africa in 1959, and antibodies to the virus have been detected in humans ( Kokernot et al 1961 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Effects of Irrigation and Rainfall on the Population Dynamics of Rift Valley Fever and Other Arbovirus Mosquito Vectors in the Epidemic-Prone Tana River County, Kenya

et al. 2016

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis that is found in most regions of sub-Saharan Africa, and it affects humans, livestock, and some wild ungulates. Outbreaks are precipitated by an abundance of mosquito vectors associated with heavy persistent rainfall with flooding. We determined the impact of flood-irrigation farming and the effect of environmental parameters on the ecology and densities of primary and secondary vectors of the RVF virus (RVFV) in an RVF-epidemic hotspot in the Tana River Basin, Kenya. Mosquito sampling was conducted in farms and villages (settlements) in an irrigated and a neighboring nonirrigated site (Murukani). Overall, a significantly higher number of mosquitoes were collected in farms in the irrigation scheme compared with villages in the same area (P < 0.001), or farms (P < 0.001), and villages (P = 0.03) in Murukani. In particular, key primary vectors of RVFV, Aedes mcintoshi Marks and Aedes ochraceous Theobald, were more prevalent in the farms compared with villages in the irrigation scheme (P = 0.001) both during the dry and the wet seasons. Similarly, there was a greater abundance of secondary vectors, particularly Culex univittatus Theobald and Culex pipiens (L.) in the irrigation scheme than in the Murukani area. Rainfall and humidity were positively correlated with mosquito densities, particularly the primary vectors. Adult floodwater mosquitoes and Mansonia spp. were collected indoors; immatures of Ae. mcintoshi and secondary vectors were collected in the irrigation drainage canals, whereas those of Ae. ochraceous and Aedes sudanensis Theobald were missing from these water bodies. In conclusion, irrigation in RVF endemic areas provides conducive resting and breeding conditions for vectors of RVFV and other endemic arboviruses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…pipiens , and Mn. uniformis ( Crabtree et al 2009 , Ochieng et al 2013 , Lutomiah et al 2014a , Lutomiah et al 2014b ). Therefore, isolation of this virus from Ao.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Irrigation and Rainfall on the Population Dynamics of Rift Valley Fever and Other Arbovirus Mosquito Vectors in the Epidemic-Prone Tana River County, Kenya

et al. 2016

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“…Kenya harbors more than 80 different Aedes species () but not all have been associated with the spread of mosquito viruses. An important species is A. ochraceus which is highly distributed in the arid regions of north-eastern Kenya and linked to the spread of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), NDUV, Bunyamwera virus (BUNV), Babanki virus (BBKV), Sindbis virus (SNBV), and Semliki Forest virus (SMFV) in the region [4,11,34,35,36,37,38]. Additionally, this species has also been reported to be associated with RVFV, dengue virus (DENV), and chikungunya virus (CHKV) in coastal counties (Kwale, Kilifi, Mombasa, Lamu) [11,33,39], and some parts of in the western region [22].…”

Section: Overview Of the Main Mosquito Genera Of Public Health Impmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquitoes of Etiological Concern in Kenya and Possible Control Strategies

Karungu

Atoni

Ogalo

et al. 2019

Insects

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Kenya is among the most affected tropical countries with pathogen transmitting Culicidae vectors. For decades, insect vectors have contributed to the emergence and distribution of viral and parasitic pathogens. Outbreaks and diseases have a great impact on a country’s economy, as resources that would otherwise be used for developmental projects are redirected to curb hospitalization cases and manage outbreaks. Infected invasive mosquito species have been shown to increasingly cross both local and global boarders due to the presence of increased environmental changes, trade, and tourism. In Kenya, there have been several mosquito-borne disease outbreaks such as the recent outbreaks along the coast of Kenya, involving chikungunya and dengue. This certainly calls for the implementation of strategies aimed at strengthening integrated vector management programs. In this review, we look at mosquitoes of public health concern in Kenya, while highlighting the pathogens they have been linked with over the years and across various regions. In addition, the major strategies that have previously been used in mosquito control and what more could be done to reduce or combat the menace caused by these hematophagous vectors are presented.

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“…Other alphaviruses have shown evidence of viable vertical transmission in mosquitoes and other insects. Examples of these include: western equine encephalitis virus, isolated from adult Aedes dorsalis collected as larvae 23 ; Ndumu virus, cultured from Culex pipiens grown from fieldcollected larvae 24 ; and Buggy Creek virus, isolated from eggs of Oeciacus vicarius swallow bugs. 25 On the basis of the findings of this and other studies, it should be concluded that detection of viral RNA itself is insufficient to confirm the occurrence of vertical transmission of CHIKV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Persistent Chikungunya Virus RNA but not Infectious Virus in Experimental Vertical Transmission in Aedes aegypti from Malaysia

Wong

Vythilingam

Sulaiman

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Vertical transmission may contribute to the maintenance of arthropod-borne viruses, but its existence in chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is unclear. Experimental vertical transmission of infectious clones of CHIKV in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Malaysia was investigated. Eggs and adult progeny from the second gonotrophic cycles of infected parental mosquitoes were tested. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 56.3% of pooled eggs and 10% of adult progeny had detectable CHIKV RNA, but no samples had detectable infectious virus by plaque assay. Transfected CHIKV RNA from PCR-positive eggs did not yield infectious virus in BHK-21 cells. Thus, vertical transmission of viable CHIKV was not demonstrated. Noninfectious CHIKV RNA persists in eggs and progeny of infected Ae. aegypti, but the mechanism and significance are unknown. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that vertical transmission exists in CHIKV, as positive results reported in previous studies were almost exclusively based only on viral RNA detection.

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Natural Vertical Transmission of Ndumu Virus inCulex pipiens(Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes Collected as Larvae

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of Irrigation and Rainfall on the Population Dynamics of Rift Valley Fever and Other Arbovirus Mosquito Vectors in the Epidemic-Prone Tana River County, Kenya

Effects of Irrigation and Rainfall on the Population Dynamics of Rift Valley Fever and Other Arbovirus Mosquito Vectors in the Epidemic-Prone Tana River County, Kenya

Mosquitoes of Etiological Concern in Kenya and Possible Control Strategies

Detection of Persistent Chikungunya Virus RNA but not Infectious Virus in Experimental Vertical Transmission in Aedes aegypti from Malaysia

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