“…The routine extraction of a single tooth results in the loss of only approximately 10 ml blood (11), whereas major oral surgery can be associated with losses in excess of 500 ml (4,6,10,12,14). Losses of this magnitude approach the level at which fluid replacement might be considered (4,6,15). Blood loss during periodontal surgery can also be extensive, although losses greater than 100 ml are likely to occur only in fullmouth periodontal flap procedures (1,2,5,7,16).…”