Blood Levels of Inflammatory and Destructive Biomarkers in Coronary Atherosclerosis of Different Severity

Abstract

In male patients with coronary atherosclerosis without acute coronary syndrome, the levels of inflammatory-destructive biomarkers of atherosclerotic plaque instability depended on the severity and dissemination of coronary atherosclerosis. The highest levels of C-reactive protein and matrix metalloproteinase 3 were found in men with atherosclerotic involvement of all three main coronary arteries, primarily their middle and distal segments, and in men with predominance of low-grade stenoses (<50%) of coronary arteries in areas of atherosclerotic plaques.

Nuclear localization of Matrix metalloproteinases

“…MMPs roles in pathology may be grouped into the following main types: (1) tissue destruction (e.g., cancer invasion and metastasis, arthritis, ulcers, periodontal diseases, brain degenerative diseases) (Gottschall and Deb, 1996;Yong et al, 2001;Malemud, 2006;Agrawal et al, 2008;Moor et al, 2009;Oyarzun et al, 2010;Gialeli et al, 2011;Hainard et al, 2011;Kessenbrock et al, 2011;Sexton et al, 2011;Skarmoutsou et al, 2011); ( 2) fibrosis (e.g., liver cirrhosis, fibrotic lung disease, otosclerosis, atherosclerosis, and multiple sclerosis) (Starckx et al, 2003;Fiotti et al, 2004;Chakrabarti and Patel, 2005;Roderfeld et al, 2007;Rybakowski, 2009;Lim et al, 2010;Ragino et al, 2010); (3) weakening of matrix (e.g., dilated cardiomyopathy, aortic aneurysm and varicose veins) (Papalambros et al, 2003;Reddy et al, 2004;Mannello and Raffetto, 2011).…”

Association study of matrix metalloproteinase 3 5A/6A polymorphism with in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions in a Han Chinese population

“…The reasons for this could include: 1) basic research focused on the effect of polymorphisms in the MMP3 promoter on gene expression have occurred in isolation, while MMP3 levels in vivo are controlled by multiple elements, in addition to regulation at the transcriptional level; and 2) the change in MMP3 content a local plaque may not be enough to cause a change in MMP3 levels in the blood. 36 Thus, we propose that further association tests be conducted regionally at the stenting artery. Additionally, an increased concentration of plasma active MMP3 isoforms was reported to be independently associated with ISR.…”

Analysis of gene expression profile identifies potential biomarkers for atherosclerosis

“…Dysfunctional endothelial cells release a large variety of pro-inflammatory mediators, leading to the amplification of inflammatory response ( 5 , 6 ), and systemic inflammation may in turn contribute to endothelial dysfunction and accelerated atherosclerosis ( 7 , 8 ). Considering the crucial roles of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, systemic markers of inflammation may be the most obvious candidates for potential biomarkers for early diagnosis, risk prediction and clinical prognosis of this disease ( 9 ). C-reactive protein has been implicated in multiple aspects of atherosclerosis and is currently the best validated inflammatory biomarker to predict the risk of atherosclerotic events ( 10 , 11 ).…”