Blood Groups of Crab-Eating Macaques (Macaco fascicularis) Demonstrated by Isoimmune Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta) Sera

Abstract

Twenty-one isoimmune sera produced in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) containing type-specific antibodies for simian-type red cell antigens were tested for their cross-reactivity with red cells from crab-eating macaques (M. fascicularis). The majority of the antisera gave cross-reactions determining polymorphisms in the red cells of crabeating macaques, homologous to those of rhesus monkeys. These results attest to the close taxonomic relationship between the two species of macaques, and have the practical implication that isoimmune sera produced for blood typing can also be used for typing red cells from related species, as has been also observed in studies on apes.

Blood Groups of Macaques: a Comparative Study

“…In macaques, most of the reagents available for typing the red cells were produced by isoimmunization of rhesus monkeys, but were found to cross-react with the red cells of other species of macaques [7,11,25]. Table II lists the reagents obtained from the sera of immunized rhesus monkeys and used for typing rhesus monkeys as well as crab-eating, bonnet, pig-tailed and stump-tailed macaques.…”

“…Among simian-type specificities defined by rhesus monkey isoimmune antisera, blood types that are part of the so-called Drh graded blood group system occupy a special position. The system was first described in rhesus monkeys [19] but also found to extend to other macaque species, namely, crab-eating macaques [11,25], and pig-tailed macaques [15], Table III ex plains the nomenclature of the Drtl system and gives frequencies of the D blood types in five species of macaques. As illustrated, rhesus monkeys and pig-tailed macaques show the highest degree of the Drh polymorphism.…”

The A-B-0 Blood Groups of Rhesus Monkeys: New Observations

“…In two recent publications that summarized the results of tests carried out on over 400 rhesus monkeys (3,4), as well as in subsequent studies of 150 rhesus monkeys from various sources (unpublished data), all animals, without exception, were found to be group B. In this respect, the rhesus monkey appeared to be similar to stump-tailed macaques (M. arctoides), but differed sharply from other species ofmacaques polymorphic for the A-B-O blood groups, namely, the crab-eating macaque (M [ascicularis) (5), the bonnet macaque (M radiata) (7), and the pig-tailed macaque (M. nemestrina) (6). The present findings throw a new light on the A-B-O blood groups of rhesus monkeys and, therefore, justify a separate report.…”

Phylogeny and History of the Lost SIV from Crab-Eating Macaques: SIVmfa

“…These studies relied on reactive sera, which were generated by inoculating animals with the blood of other members of the same or different species (often adjuvanted) [ 51 , 52 , 54 – 57 ]. Published reports indicate that LEMSIP housed both rhesus macaques and crab-eating macaques and furthermore that some crab-eating macaques were inoculated with rhesus macaque blood [ 55 , 56 ]. The accompanying veterinary records for the 23 animals shipped to NEPRC indicate that at least two of these animals (Mf109-73 and Mf111-73) were inoculated with rhesus macaque blood at LEMSIP ( Table 1 ).…”