Blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects

Tchobroutsky, G

doi:10.1007/bf00500374

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Many authors reported that, in fasting conditions, there is a smaller resting glucose concentration in women compared to men (Hautecouverture et al 1974;Selmi et al 1976;Tchobroutsky 1991). In the present study, the carbohydrate ingestion during breakfast was the same in both sexes, since all subjects ate a standardized breakfast.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Plasma glucose, insulin and catecholamine responses to a Wingate test in physically active women and men

Vincent¹,

Berthon²,

Zouhal

et al. 2004

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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The influence of gender on the glucose response to exercise remains contradictory. Moreover, to our knowledge, the glucoregulatory responses to anaerobic sprint exercise have only been studied in male subjects. Hence, the aim of the present study was to compare glucoregulatory metabolic (glucose and lactate) and hormonal (insulin, catecholamines and estradiol only in women) responses to a 30-s Wingate test, in physically active students. Eight women [19.8 (0.7) years] and eight men [22.0 (0.6) years] participated in a 30-s Wingate test on a bicycle ergometer. Plasma glucose, insulin, and catecholamine concentrations were determined at rest, at the end of both the warm-up and the exercise period and during the recovery (5, 10, 20, and 30 min). Results showed that the plasma glucose increase in response to a 30-s Wingate test was significantly higher in women than in men [0.99 (0.15) versus 0.33 (0.20) mmol l(-1) respectively, P<0.05]. Plasma insulin concentrations peaked at 10 min post-exercise and the increase between this time of recovery and the end of the warm-up was also significantly higher in women than in men [14.7 (2.9) versus 2.3 (1.9) pmol l(-1) respectively, P<0.05]. However, there was no gender difference concerning the catecholamine response. The study indicates a gender-related difference in post-exercise plasma glucose and insulin responses after a supramaximal exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Plasma glucose, insulin and catecholamine responses to a Wingate test in physically active women and men

Vincent¹,

Berthon²,

Zouhal

et al. 2004

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Clinical profiles of the subjects with GCK mutations and their controls are shown in Table I. Mean fasting glucose levels were significantly higher in the subjects with GCK mutations (6.72±0.12 vs. 5.04±0.17 mM, P < 0.0008), and they all had fasting glucose values > 6.1 mM which is 2 SD greater than the mean value in a matched nondiabetic French population (7). Glycosylated hemoglobin values (Glyc-Affin GHb kit, Isolab, Inc., Akron, OH) were available in four of the six subjects with mutations (GK3, GK4, GK5, and GK6) and all were above 6.2% which is the upper limit of normal in …”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Insulin secretory abnormalities in subjects with hyperglycemia due to glucokinase mutations.

Byrne

Sturis²,

Korenbaum³

et al. 1994

J. Clin. Invest.

278

196

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Pancreatic (-cell function was studied in six subjects with mutations in the enzyme glucokinase (GCK) who were found to have elevated fasting and postprandial glucose levels in comparison to six normoglycemic controls. Insulin secretion rates (ISRs) were estimated by deconvolution of peripheral C-peptide values using a two-compartment model and individual Cpeptide kinetics obtained after bolus intravenous injections of biosynthetic human C-peptide. First-phase insulin secretory responses to intravenous glucose and insulin secretion rates over a 24-h period on a weight maintenance diet were not different in subjects with GCK mutations and controls. However, the dose-response curve relating glucose and ISR obtained during graded intravenous glucose infusions was shifted to the right in the subjects with GCK mutations and average ISRs over a glucose range between 5 and 9 mM were 61% lower than those in controls. In the controls, the ft cell was most sensitive to an increase in glucose at concentrations between 5.5 and 6.0 mM, whereas in the patients with GCK mutations the point of maximal responsiveness was increased to between 6.5 and 7.5 mM. Even mutations that resulted in mild impairment of in vitro enzyme activity were associated with a > 50% reduction in ISR. The responsiveness of the (3 cell to glucose was increased by 45% in the subjects with mutations after a 42-h intravenous glucose infusion at a rate of 4-6 mg/kg per min. During oscillatory glucose infusion with a period of 144 min, profiles from the subjects with mutations revealed reduced spectral power at 144 min for glucose and ISR compared with controls, indicating decreased ability to entrain the 63 cell with exogenous glucose. In conclusion, subjects with mutations in GCK demonstrate decreased responsiveness of the (3 cell to glucose manifest by a shift in the glucose ISR dose-response curve to the right and reduced ability to entrain the ultradian oscillations of insulin secretion with exogenous glucose. These results support a key role for the enzyme GCK in determining the in vivo glucose/ ISR dose-response relationships and define the alterations in ,8-cell responsiveness that occur in subjects with GCK mutations. (J. Clin. Invest. 1994.93:1120-1130

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“…Reference intervals are not useful for diagnosing these conditions. In adults, the mean FPG concentration increases with increasing age from the third to the sixth decade (71) but does not increase significantly after 60 years of age (72,73). By contrast, glucose concentrations after a glucose challenge are substantially higher in older individuals (72,73).…”

Section: Glucosementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2011

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BACKGROUNDMultiple laboratory tests are used to diagnose and manage patients with diabetes mellitus. The quality of the scientific evidence supporting the use of these tests varies substantially.APPROACHAn expert committee compiled evidence-based recommendations for the use of laboratory testing for patients with diabetes. A new system was developed to grade the overall quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendations. Draft guidelines were posted on the Internet and presented at the 2007 Arnold O. Beckman Conference. The document was modified in response to oral and written comments, and a revised draft was posted in 2010 and again modified in response to written comments. The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry and the Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine Committee of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry jointly reviewed the guidelines, which were accepted after revisions by the Professional Practice Committee and subsequently approved by the Executive Committee of the American Diabetes Association.CONTENTIn addition to long-standing criteria based on measurement of plasma glucose, diabetes can be diagnosed by demonstrating increased blood hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentrations. Monitoring of glycemic control is performed by self-monitoring of plasma or blood glucose with meters and by laboratory analysis of HbA1c. The potential roles of noninvasive glucose monitoring, genetic testing, and measurement of autoantibodies, urine albumin, insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide, and other analytes are addressed.SUMMARYThe guidelines provide specific recommendations that are based on published data or derived from expert consensus. Several analytes have minimal clinical value at present, and their measurement is not recommended.

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Blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Plasma glucose, insulin and catecholamine responses to a Wingate test in physically active women and men

Plasma glucose, insulin and catecholamine responses to a Wingate test in physically active women and men

Insulin secretory abnormalities in subjects with hyperglycemia due to glucokinase mutations.

Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus

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