Blood gas analysis of healthy people in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province

Li, Guohui; Zhang, Yun-Qi; Zhang, Haiqin

doi:10.21037/apm-20-2206

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…A slight change in pH leads to a change in the concentration of hydrogen ions. Patients with covid-19 had lower PO2, and SO2 levels, and higher urea and creatinine levels in the current study which indicates the well-documented impact of Covid-19 on respiratory and renal systems (17).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Investigating the relationship between arterial blood gases, acid-base disorders, and outcomes in patients with covid-19

Mansouri

Tarlan

Nikkhoo³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Introduction: The worldwide effect of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since it was proclaimed a pandemic has been unparalleled. The majority of studies have focused on biochemical and hematological laboratory markers, with relatively little information on ABG analysis. We evaluated electrolytes, renal function tests, and any potential effects of RAS upregulation on electrolytes in COVID-19 hospitalized patients to better understand the ABG results, particularly the acid-base results. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at Imam Reza Hospital, a referral hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. 77 patients with COVID-19 identified in the lab who were admitted to the Hospital between March 21 and September 23, 2021, were included in the research. Laboratory and ABG data were collected retrospectively, as well as demographic information such as age, gender, and patient outcome Results: The study population included 77 patients of which 55 (71.4%) were survivors, while 22(44.6%) died from COVID-19 complications. In addition, 57 patients (74%) had severe COVID-19 and 26 (20%) had moderate COVID-19. The mean age of the patients was 61.58 ± 17.76 (range 23–95). There were 35 (45.5%) females and 42 (54.5%) males. Patients on covid-19 have reduced PO2, and SO2 values and higher urea and creatinine levels. Acid–base disturbance was found in 87.7% of the patients, and respiratory alkalosis (22.4%) was the main alteration followed by metabolic alkalosis (20.7%), combined acidosis (12.1%), combined alkalosis (6.9%), respiratory acidosis (3.4%), metabolic acidosis (3.4%) and other compensated acid-base disturbances (12.7%). Conclusion: Patients admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 symptoms were at high risk of acid-base disorders. They were subjected to a variety of acid-base changes. The most common acid-base disorders in this group of patients were metabolic and respiratory alkalosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Investigating the relationship between arterial blood gases, acid-base disorders, and outcomes in patients with covid-19

Mansouri

Tarlan

Nikkhoo³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The Jinsha River is the dominant river system in Shangri-La City, with the 13 main tributaries being the Shuoduogang, Dongwang, Gangqu, Jiren, Langdu, Liangmei, Annan, Tangman, Anle, Maidi, Niru, Xinglong, and Baishui rivers. The average surface water and groundwater resources in the study area over many years are 5 billion m 3 and 2 billion m 3 , respectively ( Li & Wang, 2016 ). Shangri-La City is rich in soil resources, mainly dark brown soil, brown soil, red soil, alpine shrub meadow soil, brown dark coniferous forest soil, alpine cold desert soil, and alluvial soil ( Chen et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate change increases the uncertainty and complexity of the hydrological cycle, thereby changing the water yield service to a certain extent. In addition, Shangri-La City is facing numerous challenges that urgently need to be resolved, including serious water resource shortages, an uneven spatiotemporal distribution of water resources, an unsustainable water supply structure, and extensive exploitation of water resources ( Li & Wang, 2016 ). Therefore, as a typical alpine-gorge area, there is an urgent need to explore the temporal and spatial differentiation in water yield of in Shangri-La City, northwestern Yunnan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using InVEST to evaluate water yield services in Shangri-La, Northwestern Yunnan, China

Sun²,

Wang

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Water yield is an ecosystem service that is vital to not only human life, but also sustainable development of the social economy and ecosystem. This study used annual average precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, plant available water content, soil depth, biophysical parameters, Zhang parameter, and land use/land cover (LULC) as input data for the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Service Tradeoffs (InVEST) model to estimate the water yield of Shangri-La City from 1974 to 2015. The spatiotemporal variations and associated factors (precipitation, evapotranspiration, LULC, and topographic factors) in water yield ecosystem services were then analyzed. The result showed that: (1) The water yield of Shangri-La City decreases from north and south to the center and showed a temporal trend from 1974 to 2015 of an initial decrease followed by an increase. Areas of higher average water yield were mainly in Hutiaoxia Town, Jinjiang Town, and Shangjiang Township. (2) Areas of importance for water yield in the study area which need to be assigned priority protection were mainly concentrated in the west of Jiantang Town, in central Xiaozhongdian Town, in central Gezan Township, in northwestern Dongwang Township, and in Hutiaoxia Town. (3) Water yield was affected by precipitation, evapotranspiration, vegetation type, and topographic factors. Water yield was positively and negatively correlated with precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, respectively. The average water yield of shrubs exceeded that of meadows and forests. Terrain factors indirectly affected the ecosystem service functions of water yield by affecting precipitation and vegetation types. The model used in this study can provide references for relevant research in similar climatic conditions.

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“…Generally, the barometric pressure is 760 mmHg at sea level, with PaCO2 levels between 35-45 mmHg considered normal (21). At higher altitudes, the atmospheric pressure of O2 and CO2 is lower, reducing PaO2 and PaCO2 (alveolar pressure), which in turn stimulates alveolar ventilation (22,23). The implications of these differences on the physiology and management of patients with TBI are unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PaCO2 Association with Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Outcomes at High Altitude: A Prospective Single-Center Cohort Study.

Caceres,

Divani,

Rubinos

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) is generally known to influence outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) at normal altitudes. Less is known about specific relationships of PaCO2 levels and clinical outcomes at high altitudes. Methods This is a prospective single-center cohort of consecutive TBI patients admitted to a trauma center located at 2600 meter above sea level. An unfavorable outcome was defined as the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) < 4 at 6-month follow-up. Results 81 patients with complete data, 80% (65/81) were men, and median (IQR) age was 36 (25–50) years). Median Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission was 9 (6–14), 49% (40/81) were severe (GCS: 3–8), 32% (26/81) moderate (GCS 12 − 9), and 18% (15/81) mild (GCS 13–15) TBI. The median (IQR) Abbreviated Injury Score of the Head (AISh) was 3 (2–4). Frequency of an unfavorable outcome (GOSE < 4) was 30% (25/81), median GOSE was 4 (2–5), and 6-month mortality was 24% (20/81). Comparison between patients with favorable and unfavorable outcomes revealed that those with unfavorable outcome were older, median [49 (30–72) vs. 29 (22–41), P < 0.01], had lower admission GCS [6 (4–8) vs. 13 (8–15), P < 0.01], higher AIS head [4 (4–4) vs. 3(2–4), p < 0.01], higher APACHE II score [17(15–23) vs 10 (6–14), < 0.01), higher Charlson score [0(0–2) vs. 0 (0–0), P < 0.01] and higher PaCO2 (mmHg), mean ± SD, 39 ± 9 vs. 32 ± 6, P < 0.01. In a multivariate analysis, age (OR 1.14 95% CI 1.1–1.30, P < 0.01), AISh (OR 4.7 95% CI 1.55-21.0, P < 0.05), and PaCO2 (OR 1.23 95% CI: 1.10–1.53, P < 0.05) were significantly associated with the unfavorable outcomes. When applying the same analysis to the subgroup on mechanical ventilation, AISh (OR 5.4 95% CI: 1.61–28.5, P = 0.017) and PaCO2 (OR 1.36 95% CI: 1.13–1.78, P = 0.015) remained significantly associated with the unfavorable outcome. Conclusion Higher PaCO2 levels are associated with an unfavorable outcome in ventilated TBI patients. These results underscore the importance of PaCO2 level in TBI patients and whether it should be adjusted for populations living at higher altitudes.

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Blood gas analysis of healthy people in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Investigating the relationship between arterial blood gases, acid-base disorders, and outcomes in patients with covid-19

Investigating the relationship between arterial blood gases, acid-base disorders, and outcomes in patients with covid-19

Using InVEST to evaluate water yield services in Shangri-La, Northwestern Yunnan, China

PaCO2 Association with Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Outcomes at High Altitude: A Prospective Single-Center Cohort Study.

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