Blood Flow Restricted Training Stimulates Angiogenesis: New Approach to Post-Interventional Rehabilitation of Patients With Lower Limbs Ischemia

Mechanobiology-based physical therapy and rehabilitation after orthobiologic interventions: a narrative review

“…However, recent research has shown that mild hyperthermia actually supports the differentiation of satellite cells and stem cells, a crucial step in the late proliferation and early remodeling phases of healing [42,43]. Although the optimal Hong Z et al 12 9 Llion et al 38 6 Barakat AS et al 15 5 Ellefsen et al 53 7 Aydogdu et al 31 6 Gilsanz et al 56 5 Anandkumare et al 32 9 Lohman et al 58 6 Mutlu et al 34 9 Simão et al 59 7 D'Souza et al 36 6 Wang et al 60 9 procedure (i.e., time, duration, temperature, and intervals) for controlled hyperthermia has not been confirmed, research by Guo et al demonstrated pilot results in which the observed moderate hyperthermia at the late inflammatory phase upregulated the production of myofibril proteins through the late stages of myogenesis. Additionally, the results showed an induced differentiation of myotubes over 72 hours compared to cells that were not exposed to mild hyperthermia [44].…”

“…In this vein, inhibition of angiogenesis has been shown to impair wound healing [25,52]. A study by Krezel et al showed that blood flow restriction (BFR) training resulted in an acute angiogenic response [53]. BFR training has been shown to result in similar improvements in muscle strength and muscle mass when compared to those seen after traditional heavy-load strength training [54].…”

“…To date, this technique has been shown to be a safe and effective mechanism for patients, including those with the comorbidities associated with osteoarthritis and/or who have limited physical capacity [55]. At the same time, research supports the use of BFR to promote angiogenesis, increase muscle hypertrophy, increase strength, improve serum growth hormone and muscle endurance, increase peripheral stem cell count, and increase protein synthesis using less than recommended weight training intensities [53,55]. To augment healing for those who are concomitantly receiving an orthobiologic intervention, BFR can be an essential mechanotherapy intervention to facilitate the healing process and improve the body's response to tissue regeneration strategies.…”